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Objectives
Understand
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Contents
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0
q
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When k is constant
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electrical conductivity
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T1
T2
T3
T4
Assumption: Resistance for
wall contact is negligible
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q
y
x
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T1
T1
Convection resistance
At surfaces where boiling and condensation
occur
H , , then
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When the wall is surrounded by a gas, the radiation effects. The rate of radiation
heat transfer between a surface of emissivity and area As at temperature Ts and the
surrounding surfaces at some average temperature Tsurr can be expressed as
Radiation resistance
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Thermal-contact-resistance
effect physical situation
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Fouriers law
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Thermal resistance
The thermal-resistance concept may be used for multiple-layer cylindrical walls just
as it was used for plane walls.
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Fouriers law
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Flux
Resistance
Driving
force
Electrical
Cartesian
Conduction
Cylindrical
Conduction
Conduction
through sphere
Convection
Radiation
System
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Electrical analogy
Electrical analogy
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Electrical analogy
Note that the area for convection is not the same for both fluids in this case, these
areas depending on the inside tube diameter and wall thickness. The overall heat
transfer would be expressed by
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An insulated cylindrical
pipe
exposed to convection
from the outer surface
q
Rtotal=Rconv+Rins
q
q
Rtotal
q
q
Rins
Rconv
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Substituting BC1
(1)
(2)
Solution
(4)
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Solution
=Substituting BC2 C =0
1
Substituting BC1
(1)
(2)
Substitute Equation (2) in (1)
(3)
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Conduction-Convection Systems
FIN
dT
dx
dT
kAc
dx
qx kAc
qx dx
x dx
dT d 2T
kAc
2 dx
dx dx
qco nv hP T T dx
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qx qx dx qco nv
Conduction-Convection Systems
FIN
d 2T hAp
T T 0
2
dx
kAc
Let
d 2 hP
0
dx 2 kAc
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d 2
2
m
0
dx 2
m2
hP
kAc
Temperature at the end of the fin is essentially that of the surrounding fluid
d 2
2
m
0
dx 2
m2
hP
kAc
BC1 : = at x=0
BC2 : =0 at x =
Solution for differential equation
C1e mx C2 e mx
BC1: 0 C1 C2 BC 2 : C2 0
T T
e mx
0 T0 T
d
q kAc
dx
x 0
hP dx
0
kAc m 0 e m 0 hPkAc 0
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d 2
2
m
0
2
dx
m2
hP
kAc
BC1 : = at x=0
BC2 : at x = L
Solution for differential equation
C1e mx C2 e mx BC1: 0 C1 C2
d
BC 2 :
0 m C1e mx C2e mx
dx
L
Applications
To provide safe temperature
range at end of fins
cosh m L x
T T
e mx
e mx
2 mL
2 mL
0 T0 T 1 e
1 e
cosh mL
5/12/16 | Slide 41
d
q kAc
dx
x 0
hP dx
0
hPkAc 0 tanh mL
The fin is of finite length and loses heat by convection from its end
d 2
2
m
0
2
dx
m2
hP
kAc
BC1 : = at x=0
BC2 :at x = L
Solution for differential equation
T T
e mx
e mx
2 mL
0 T0 T 1 e
1 e 2 mL
h
sinh m L x
mk
h
sinh mL
mk
cosh m L x
cosh mL
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d
q kAc
dx
x 0
hP dx
0
h
cosh mL
mk
hPkAc 0
h
cosh mL
sinh mL
mk
sinh mL
The fin is of finite length and loses heat by convection from its end
T T
e mx
e mx
2 mLc
0 T0 T 1 e
1 e 2 mLc
cosh m Lc x
cosh mLc
d
q kAc
dx
Lc
x 0
hP dx
0
Ac
Lc L
p
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d 2
2
m
0
2
dx
hP
m
kAc
d
q kAc
dx
BC1 : = at x=0
BC2 : =at x = L
Solution for differential equation
x 0
hPkAc 0
L sinh mx sinh m L x
0
sinh mL
Heat flow
hP dx
0
cosh mL L 0
sinh mL
T T
e mx
0 T0 T
q hPkAc 0
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FIN Efficiency
fin
q fin,max
m
2
fin
q fin
hPkAc 0
hPL 0
hAp
kA
mL
fin
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hPkAc 0 tanh mL
hPL 0
tanh mL
mL
Fin Effectiveness
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fin
q fin
qno fin
fin
q fin
qno fin
fin
fin
hAb 0
Ab
Afin
Ab
fin
kp
hAc
fin
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1%
1
0.8
mL=2.5, 99%
mL=1, 76.2 %
1.2
23.8 %
tanh mL
0.2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
mL
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