PLANT & ANIMAL

CELL: An Introduction

INTRODUCTION
The invention of microscope in
the mid-1600s made it possible
for scientist to look at the matter
that made up of all living things.
Robert Hooke was the first
describe cells in 1663 by
observing the tissue of cork

CELL THEORY
Schledein
& Schwann
(animal)
(plants) all living things are
composed of living cells
but 20 years later..

CELL THEORY
-1855, Rudolf Virchow proposed
an extension to the cell theory,
aka. biogenic law and it states
that All cells arise from preexisting cells..
-Louis Pasteur later proved this.
-Cells are the basic units of life

To study cells,
biologists use
microscopes and the
tools of
biochemistry..

Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells too small

to see with the naked eye..

MICROSCOPY
is the technical field of using microscopes to
view objects and areas of objects that cannot be
seen with the naked eye (objects that are not
within the resolution range of the normal eye).

ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
LIGHT
MICROSCOPE

instruments that use

a
is Scientific
a type ofmicroscopewhich
uses
focused
beam
of electrons
to
visible
lightand
a system
of lenses
examine objects on a very fine
to magnify images of small samples.
scale.

The scanning electron

microscope (SEM)
Provides for detailed study of the surface
of a specimen

CHLOROPLAST UNDER THE

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

Transmission electron
microscope (TEM)
Provides for detailed study of the internal ultrastructure of cells
It also profiles
specimen.

thin

section

of

Cell
fractionation

Takes cells apart and separates the major organelles

from one another

Centrifuge

Is used to fractionate cells into their component

parts

THE PLANT & ANIMAL

CELL

Are you ready to explore the

world of plant and animal
cell?

End..

Click here to redirect to

the site ..
http://www.cellsalive.com/c
ells/cell_model_js.htm

Other terms relating to

animal and plant cells
Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of Animal Cells
Plants: Plasmodesmata
Types of intercellular junctions
The Endomembrane System

Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of Animal Cells

Collagen

Fibronectin

Is a complex and dynamic player in the cells

Functions
of the
ECM include
compartmental
organization
Support
Is made
up of glycoproteins and other
Polysaccharide
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
molecule
A proteoglycan
macromolecules
Adhesion
complex
Carbo-

Movement
Regulation

hydrates
Core
protein

Plasma
membrane

Integrin

Figure 6.29

Integrins

CYTOPLASM
Microfilaments

Proteoglycan
molecule

Plants: Plasmodesmata
Are channels that perforate plant cell walls
Cell walls

Interior
of cell

Interior
of cell
Figure 6.30

0.5 m

Plasmodesmata

Plasma membranes

TIGHT JUNCTIONS
Tight junction

Tight junctions prevent

fluid from moving
across a layer of cells

0.5 m

At tight junctions, the membranes of

neighboring cells are very tightly pressed
against each other, bound together by
specific proteins (purple). Forming continuous seals around the cells, tight junctions
prevent leakage of extracellular fluid across
A layer of epithelial cells.

DESMOSOMES
Desmosomes (also called anchoring
junctions) function like rivets, fastening cells
Together into strong sheets. Intermediate
Filaments made of sturdy keratin proteins
Anchor desmosomes in the cytoplasm.

Types of intercellular junctions

Tight junctions
Intermediate
filaments
Desmosome

Gap
junctions

Space
between Plasma membranes
cells
of adjacent cells

Figure 6.31

1 m

Extracellular
matrix
Gap junction

0.1 m

GAP JUNCTIONS
Gap junctions (also called communicating
junctions) provide cytoplasmic channels from
one cell to an adjacent cell. Gap junctions
consist of special membrane proteins that
surround a pore through which ions, sugars,
amino acids, and other small molecules may
pass. Gap junctions are necessary for communication between cells in many types of tissues,
including heart muscle and animal embryos.

The Endomembrane System

Nuclear
envelope is
1
connected to rough ER,
which is also continuous
with smooth ER

Nucleus

Is a complex and dynamic player in the cells

compartmental
organization
2
Membranes
and proteins
Rough ER

produced by the ER flow in

the form of transport vesicles
to the Golgi

Smooth ER

cis Golgi

Nuclear envelop

Golgi
3 pinches off transport
Vesicles and other vesicles
that give rise to lysosomes and
Vacuoles

Plasma
membrane

trans Golgi

Lysosome available
for fusion with another
vesicle for digestion

5 Transport vesicle carries 6

proteins to plasma
membrane for secretion

Plasma membrane expands

by fusion of vesicles; proteins
are secreted from cell

ER
(LARGE)

small vacuoles

ribosome
Cell membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondria

INSTRUCTIONS:
Listen to the reporters as they
discuss the instructions.

PLANT
S

PROTEI
N

And tables to compare data

A

Yellow

10

20

Blue

30

15

10

24

16

Orange

Maps

OUR
OFFIC
E

89,526,12
4
Whoa! Thats a big number, arent you proud?

89,526,124$
Thats a lot of money

185,244 users
And a lot of users

100%
Total success!

Our process is easy

first

last

second

Lets review some concepts

Yellow
Is the color of gold,
butter and ripe
lemons. In the
spectrum of visible
light, yellow is found
between green and
orange.

Blue
Is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep
sea. It is located
between violet and
green on the optical
spectrum.

Red
Is the color of blood,
and because of this it
has historically been
associated with
sacrifice, danger and
courage.

Yellow
Is the color of gold,
butter and ripe
lemons. In the
spectrum of visible
light, yellow is found
between green and
orange.

Blue
Is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep
sea. It is located
between violet and
green on the optical
spectrum.

Red
Is the color of blood,
and because of this it
has historically been
associated with
sacrifice, danger and
courage.

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