Master: Assestment

DOSIMETRIC PROPERTIES OF COPPER

DOPED LITHIUM MAGNESIUM BORATE
GLASS SUBJECTED TO IONIZING
RADIATIONS
Name: Nurul Anati binti Salleh
Supervisor: Dr. Abd Rahman bin Tamuri
Co-Supervisor: Prof Dr. Husin bin Wagiran

Outline

Introduction
Problem Statement
Objectives
Scope of Study
Methodology
Preliminary Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Gantt Chart

INTRODUCTION
Thermoluminescence
Dosimeter
(TLD)
measures
ionizing radiation exposure by measuring the amount
of visible light emitted when the material is heated.
TLD is the best and effective technique of radiation
dosimetry.
TLDs are
available in
various forms
such as in chips,
powder, disks,
pellets, rods or
Teflon form

Applications
Personal Monitoring
Environmental Monitoring

Thermoluminescence Phenomen

Figure 1 : Simple model of energy bands in

thermoluminescence phenomena (Marcia Dutra R. Silva,
2015).

Properties of Thermoluminescence (TL)

Material
Simple glow
curve
Linearity in
wide dose
range

High
sensitivity

Good
reproducibility

References : Pradhan, A.S. (1981).

Thermoluminescence Dosimetry
and its Applications. Radiation
Protection Dosimetry. 1(3), 153-167
and
Furetta, C. (2003). Handbook of
Thermoluminescence. World
Scientific.

Properties
of TL
Material

Effective atomic
number (Zef
=7.42 )

Low
fading

Thermal stability to
environment
condition

Influence of Transition Metal in Borate

Glass
High electrical
conductivity

High
ductility
Transition
Metal

High sensitivity, low

fading, linearity in wide
dose range, effective
atomic number close to
human tissue

Good
chemical
stability

Enhance the TL
properties of
borate glass

Reference : Alajerami, Y. S. M.,

Hashim, S., Ghoshal, S. K., Bradley
D. A., Mhareb, M., Saleh, M.A.
(2014). Copper doped borate
dosimeters revisited. Journal of
Luminescence, 155, 141-148.

Problem Statement
How the role of copper as activator in borate
glass can enhance the TL response?

Is it studied sample can be considered as TLD

especially for personal and environmental
monitoring?

How the TL performance of studied glass

compared to TLD-100?

Objectives
1

To sensitize and characterize undoped

and Cu doped lithium magnesium borate
glass

To investigate the fundamental

thermoluminescence properties of Cu
doped lithium magnesium borate glass
subjected to Co-60 gamma irradiations

To compare the performance of TL

properties of studied sample with
commercially available TLD-100.

Scope of Study
Undoped and Cu doped lithium magnesium borate
glass prepared by melt-quenching technique

Irradiation of the studied sample by Co-60 gamma ray

Optimization; pre-annealing procedure, heating rate, Cu

concentration

Determination of TL properties; glow curve

characteristics, sensitivity, linearity, reproducibility,
fading and effective atomic number

Significance of Research

Investigate
new TL
material
based on
borate glass

Enhance TL
properties
of Cu doped
borate glass

May applied
in
environment
al and
personal
monitoring

Methodology
Sample Preparation

Annealing Procedure

Melt-Quenching technique

Temperature
Time

Sample Irradiation

Co-60 Gamma Ray

Thermoluminescence
Measurement

TLD Reader 4500

Data Analysis

Table 1: Compositions of Prepared Glass Samples

Glass Notation
S1:LMB
S2:LMB
S3:LMB
S4:LMB:0.01Cu
S5:LMB:0.03Cu
S6:LMB:0.05Cu
S7:LMB:0.07Cu
S8:LMB:0.10Cu
S9:LMB:0.30Cu

Composition (0.01 mol%)

B 2O 3
Li2O
MgO
Cu2O
70.00
70.00
70.00
69.99
69.97
69.95
69.93
69.90
69.70

25.00
20.00
15.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00

5.00
10.00
15.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00

0.01
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.10
0.30

Glass Preparation Process

MELT-QUENCHING TECHNIQUE

Weighting

Break of into
small pieces and
put in labeling
capsules

Milling (30 minutes)

Cooling to room
temperature

Melting
(1 hour for 1300
C)

Annealing
(3 hour for 400
C)

Annealing Procedure
The samples being heated
up in a TLD-FURNACE
using THERMOSOFT
computer program
Annealing temperatures
was varied to 100, 200, 300
and 400 oC with a fixed
time of 60 minutes
The optimum annealing
temperature was set and
annealing time are varied to
10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60
minutes

XRD

Preliminary
Results

The presence
of broad
peaks
confirms the
amorphous
structure of
the samples.
Figure 2 : XRD pattern of undoped and Cu-doped (0.05 mol
% Cu) lithium magnesium borate glass

Pre-Annealing Procedure
Determination of annealing temperature
Anneal
Temperatu
re (oC)

Average
TL
Intensity
(0.001
nC g-1) x
106

Standard
Deviation
(0.001
STD) x
106

100

5.666

0.241

200

6.232

0.354

300

6.214

0.205

400

5.858

0.739

Table 2 : Results of TL responses and

its standard deviation at various
annealing temperatures for Cu-doped
LMB glass sample

Figure 3 : Graphs of TL response at

various annealing temperature of LMB
glass sample

Determination of annealing time

Anneal
Average
Time
TL
(minutes) Intensity
(0.001
nC g-1) x
106

Standard
Deviation
(0.001
STD) x
106

10

6.390

0.683

20

5.354

0.143

30

6.350

0.207

40

7.157

0.136

50

6.353

0.221

60

6.214

0.206

Table 3 : Results of TL responses and

its standard deviation at various
annealing times for Cu-doped LMB
glass sample

Figure 4 : Graphs of TL response at

various annealing times of LMB glass
sample

Annealing Procedure : 300 oC for 40 minutes

Optimum concentration of Cu in LMB

(a)

(b)

Figure 5 : Graphs of (a) TL glow curve and (b) TL response with STD at various
concentration for LMB doped with 0.05 mol% Cu

The glow peak 0.05 mol% Cu was located around 190 oC which can be
considered as an ideal glow peak.
The sample with 0.05 mol% Cu produces lowest standard deviation with
highest TL response.

Conclusion
The heating profile of 300 oC for 40
minutes was applied in the annealing
procedure for copper doped lithium
magnesium borates.
The sample with a composition of 0.05
mol% Cu doped lithium magnesium borate
produced highest intensity of TL response.

Future Works
Futher investigation for:
Time temperature profile (TTP) setting

Thermoluminescence properties:
Sensitivity
Linearity
Reproducibility
Fading
Effective atomic number

Calculation of TL parameter:
Kinetic order
Activation energy
Frequency factor

Gantt Chart
Tasks/Activity

2015

2016

201
7

Literature

review
Sample

Thermolumines
cent
measurement
Data Analysis

Theoretical
calculation and
simulation

Report writing

preparation
Sample
characterizatio
n
Sample
irradiation

Thank You