Cystitis

Members;
Markita Witter
Eshonna Smartt
Jamelle Herbert

DefineObjectives
the term cystitis
Outline the etiology of cystitis.
State the incidence of cystitis.
Discuss the pathophysiology of
cystitis
Discuss the clinical manifestations of
cystitis
Discuss the complications of cystitis.
Outline the laboratory studies for
cystitis.
Discuss the medical and nursing
management of cystitis
Synopsis of a nursing care plan for a

Definition

Cystitis: Inflammation of
the bladder.

Types of cystitis
Acute (Bacterial)
Chronic (Non-infectious)
Interstitial

Etiology of cystitis
Community acquired bladder
infections
Nosocomial bladder infections
Drug induced
Radiation
Chemical

Incidence of cystitis
Cystitis affects predominantly
women but it also affects men
and in rare cases children.
It is estimated that 1.2million
women and 82,000 men have
cystitis
Every female would have
cystitis once in their life time.

Pathophysiology of cystitis
Initiating event

Bladder urothelial damage

Leaky urothelium: toxins in interstitium
Mast cell activation and histamine release
cystitis

clinical manifestations
A strong persistent urge to urinate
Burning sensation when urinating
Passing frequent, small amounts of
urine
Blood in the urine(hematuria)
Passing cloudy or strong smelling urine
Low grade fever

Complications of cystitis

Pyelonephritis

Diagnostic studies
Urine analysis
Cystoscopy
Imaging tests

Medical management
of cystitis
Teach the patient about staying
hydrated.
The doctor will perform procedures that
will manipulate your bladder to improve
its symptoms, such as stretching the
bladder with water.
Teach the client about self care,
example wiping from front to back.
Doctor will prescribe antibiotics e.g.
ciprofloxascillin

Nursing management
of cystitis
Nursing management is aimed
at:
Reducing pain and discomfort
Reducing frequency, urgency
and hesitancy
Increase knowledge about
prevention and treatment

Nursing care plan for a

patient with cystitis
Assessment: on assessment this 24 year old
female complained of pain and a burning
sensation to the vaginal area while
urinating. She also claims that she's been
going to the washroom frequently and her
urine has a foul odor.
Vital signs: blood pressure 110/80 mmhg,
pulse 84 bpm, respiration 20 bpm,
temperature 99 f
Physical assessment: guarding to lower
abdomen. creamy discharge to vagina.

Care plan contd

Nursing diagnosis:

Altered urine elimination related

to infection process as evident by
frequency and urgency.

Goal: Patient will have normal

urine elimination within 3-4 days.

Nursing care plan contd

Intervention: assess vital signs
paying special attention to the
temperature.

Rational: to gather baseline

data and to monitor progress or
deterioration of the
temperature.
Place the patient close to the
washroom.
Rational: this will facilitate
patients frequency.
Administer prescribed
medication

Teach patient about her

diagnosis, preventative
measures and treatment both
medical and home remedies.
Rational: this will assist the
patient in recognizing
symptoms early o seek
medical attention.
Apply a warm rag to patients
perineum.
Rational: this will help reduce
pain.

Evaluation: patient returned to

her normal urine elimination

Encourage patient to consume plenty water

Rational: this will keep the patient hydrated and
also help eliminate bacteria from the bladder.