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Turbines
Classification Of Turbine
Based on the hydraulic action at the inlet, turbines can be classified
as:
a) Impulse turbine (Pelton wheel or turbine) - derives its energy from
a jet of water exiting out of a nozzle and shooting at the blades of
turbine.
b) Reaction turbine (Francis turbine or Kaplan turbine) - derives its
power from the equal and opposite reactive power of fluid passing
between its blades.
The basic and main difference between impulse and reaction turbine is
that there is pressure change in the fluid as it passes through runner of
reaction turbine.
Impulse Turbine
There is no pressure change in the
runner.
First all pressure energy of water
convert into the kinetic energy
through a nozzle and generate a
high speed jet of water.
The water jet strikes the blade of
turbine and rotates it.
Reaction Turbine
In the reaction turbine there is
pressure change of water when
it passes through the rotor of
turbine.
It uses kinetic energy as well as
pressure energy to rotate the
turbine. Due to this it is known
as reaction turbine.
Impulse Turbine
Reaction Turbine
Classification Of Turbines
Based on the direction of flow through the runner, turbines can be
classified as:
a. Tangential flow turbine (Pelton wheel)
b. Radial flow turbine (Francis turbine, Thomsen and Girard turbines)
c. Axial flow turbine (Kaplan turbine)
d. Mixed flow turbine (modern Francis turbine)
Head of Water, H
High Head Turbine
- ( Pelton wheel, H > 250m)
Medium Head Turbine
- ( Francis Turbine, 60m H 250m)
Low Head Turbine
- ( Kaplan Turbine, H < 60m )
Specific Speed,
Low specific speed turbine
- ( Pelton wheels, of 10 to 35 )
Medium specific speed turbine
- ( Francis Turbine, of 60 to 400 )
High specific speed turbine
- ( Kaplan turbine, of 300 to 1000 )
hydraulic
Rotadynamic Pump
Known as impeller
Vanes attached to
spinning impeller:
a)increases the velocity
b) Moves the fluid out
through an outlet
Centrifugal Pump
Produce radial flow and mixed flow
according to the fluid path
Converts rational energy
A portion of the energy goes into
kinetic energy
Fluid gains both velocity and pressure
while passing through the impeller
Propeller Pump
Consist of an impeller produces axial flow
Relatively high discharge (flow rate) at a relative low head
Pump up to 3 times more water
Handling sewage from commercial, municipal and industrial
Reciprocating Pump
volume of liquid is drawn into the cylinder through the suction valve
on the intake stroke and is discharged under positive pressure through
the outlet valves on the discharge stroke.
The discharge from a reciprocating pump is pulsating and changes
only when the speed of the pump is changed.
This is because the intake is always a constant volume.
Often an air chamber is connected on the discharge side of the pump
to provide a more even flow by evening out the pressure surges.
Reciprocating pumps are often used for sludge and slurry.
Rotary Pump
A rotary pump traps fluid in its closed casing and discharges a smooth
flow. They can handle almost any liquid that does not contain hard
and abrasive solids, including viscous liquids
They are also simple in design and efficient in handling flow conditions
that are usually considered to low for economic application of
centrifuges