Sentences

We

need our sentences to make sense!

All sentences should

begin with a capital
letter.
They should all end
with a full stop (.), a
question mark (?) or
an exclamation (!).

Names e.g.
Monica
Months
e.g.
October
Products
and brands
e.g. Heinz,
Mars
Events e.g.
World Cup
Final

Places
e.g. Italy

Days e.g.
Wednesday

WHEN DO
WE USE
CAPITAL
LETTERS?

Festivals
e.g. Boxing
Day

The letter
I when we
talk about
about
ourselves
e.g. I love
Key Skills

Titles e.g.
Mr, Mrs,
Dr

Commas
Comma

are used to break up lists,

or create a pause in a sentence.

With a list you dont

need a comma if you
use and e.g. I went
running,
swimming,
cycling, skipping and
skiing.

The apostrophe
Two situations where we use apostrophes :

Shortening words

Showing ownership

1.Shortening words
We often cut / shorten
words e.g. should not
becomes shouldnt.

The apostrophe goes where you have cut

letters.

2. Showing ownership
The apostrophe is also used to show
that a person or thing belongs to
another person or thing.
Ians short talk was excellent.
All the babies toys were
new.
The babys
hat was red.

Jamess (James)
assignment was ok!

Inverted commas
When do we
use inverted
commas?

1.When we quote e.g. The

teacher said Youre late!
2.Titles of books or films e.g. I
saw Attack of the Robot 3.

We use a question
mark after a direct
question is asked.
You dont need to add a full stop as its
already there!
e.g. I wondered if she cared or not.
What do you think?

EXCLAMATION MARK
An exclamation mark tells
you that the words are
spoken with emotion or
surprise.
e.g. Dont touch that, its
hot!
If you write what people are
saying, put the punctuation
mark before the last
inverted comma e.g. Leave
it! he said.

Use the colon to

introduce a list.
Example
For a coaching session
I needed some
equipment : cones, a
whistle, bibs and
balls.

Used in compound words.

e.g. Dai is my brother-in-law.

Used to:
Separate clauses
Separate items in long
lists

A clause is a part of a
sentence.

For example:
Although the party was wonderful,
the girl did not enjoy much.
She did not enjoy much although
the party was fun.
The party was fun,
leave early.

but we had to

The party was fun; we had to leave

early.
Coordinating Conjunction
FANBOYS

 Simple Sentence
one complete sentence
Compound Sentence
2 complete clauses
Complex Sentence
1 complete + 1 incomplete
clause
Compound Complete Sentence

For example:
Tom reads novels, but Jack reads
comics.
Tom reads novels; his friend reads
comics.

Run-on Sentences-on
Sentences
A run-on sentence is a
sentence that contains two
improperly joined sentences
(independent clauses).

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There are two types of run-on

sentences:
Fused

sentences

Comma splices
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Fused Sentences
A Fused Sentence Occurs When
Two Sentences Are Joined
Without Any Punctuation.

Incorrect: Somestudentsthinktheycanstudyforanimportant
exambycrammingallnighttheyareprobablywrong.

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Comma Splices
A comma splice occurs when two
sentences are joined with only a
comma.
Incorrect: The teacher told the students to complete
the section on comma splices, she also told them to
compose a five-page essay.

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The first way to correct comma

splices and run-ons is to
o separate

them with a period,

creating two complete sentences.
STOP

We all like grammar.

We all love
class.

Four Ways to Correct Run-on

Sentences.
Use a
period.
Miranda was the lead vocalist
in her band it was a punk rock
band.
Miranda was the lead vocalist in
her band. It was a punk rock
band.
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The second way to correct comma

splices and run-ons is to
o

Link them with a semicolon; this creates two

complete sentences just as a period does, but
the second sentence doesnt start with a
capital letter.
STOP

we love this
class.

We like grammar ;
No
caps!

Use a Semicolon
Somestudentsthinktheycanstudyforan
importantexambycrammingallnight
theyareprobablywrong.
Somestudentsthinktheycanstudyforan
importantexambycrammingallnight;theyare
probablywrong.

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Use a comma and a

coordinating conjunction
(and, but, yet, for, or, nor,
First I Went to the grocery
so) store then I went to the library.
First I went to grocery store, and
then I went to the library.

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Add a subordinating
conjunction or dependent
word.
Maria and John like skiing Karen
does not.
Although Maria and John like skiing,
Karen does not.
Some common subordinating conjunctions:
After, although, before, unless, as, because, even
though, if, since, until, when, while.
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