Five-Level Single-Phase Grid-Connected

Converter for Renewable Distributed Systems

Presented by
Presented by
B MALLIKARJUNA REDDY

B MALLIKARJUNA
REDDY
Roll No:EE092001
Roll No:EE092001

Under the esteemed

Under the esteemed
guidance of
guidance of
Dr.N.VISWANATHAN
Dr.N.VISWANATHAN
Professor
& HOD in EEE Dept.
Professor &NITW
HOD in EEE Dept.
NITW

ABSTRACT
Recently, converter topologies employing a high frequency transformer in order to
reduce size &weight .
The trade-off between high efficiency &low cost is a hard task for these architectures
because they require several power stages .
In low power applications - International standards recommends the use of grid
connected power converters without any galvanic isolation.
Transformer less architectures in low power distributed systems are recommended
The proposed work is a novel five level converter topologies that are used in
PV CELL based single phase grid connected converters.
Simulation of these topologies are carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink.

OBJECTIVES:
OBJECTIVES:

Comparison of H5 and H6 topologies in terms of THD,

leakage current and parasitic capacitor voltage.

To balance the voltages across the DC link capacitors by closed

loop operation.

1.
1.

PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
OUTLINE

2. MODES OF OPERATION OF MLI TOPOLOGIES

2. MODES OF OPERATION OF MLI TOPOLOGIES
3. GRID CONNECTED MLI TOPOLOGIES
3. GRID CONNECTED MLI TOPOLOGIES
4. PV-GRID CONNECTED MLI TOPOLOGIES
4. PV-GRID CONNECTED MLI TOPOLOGIES
5. CLOSED LOOP OPERATION OF H6 TOPOLOGY
5. CLOSED LOOP OPERATION OF H6 TOPOLOGY
6. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
7.

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION cont

Single phase converter with Transformer :

PV SYSTEM

TRANSFORME
R

POWER
CONVERTER

POWER GRID

Benefits
: Safety , leakage current reduction, no dc current injected in to the grid.
Drawbacks : Large size, heavy weight , expensive and overall conversion efficiency

Single phase multi level converter without

Transformer:

PV
system

MLI

Power
grid
6

Single Phase (H-Bridge )

Cascaded Multilevel Inverter

INTRODUCTION cont

Output voltage waveform

The main advantages of cascade inverter are as follows:

1. Compared with the diode clamped and flying capacitor inverters, it requires
the least number of components to achieve the same number of voltage
levels.
2. Soft switching techniques can be used to reduce switching losses and device
stresses
Disadvantage of single phase cascaded MLI is the usage of large number of
switches, this can be over come by hybrid topologies H5 and H6 .
Because of above statements, this work proposes H5 and H6 MLI topologies
7

H5 TOPOLOGY

INTRODUCTION cont

H6 TOPOLOGY

Modes of Operation of Proposed

Topologies

Modes of operation cont..

Modes of operation Of H5 topology

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5
vm

Switching states of H5 topology

Output voltage waveform

VOLTAGE
LEVEL

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

Vdc

Vdc/2

-Vdc/2

-Vdc

0
10

Modes of operation cont..

PWM Pulses of H5 topology generated by SPWM

11

Modes of operation cont..

Modes of operation of H6 topology

S5

vm
S6

S1

S2

S3

S4

Switching states of H6 topology

Output voltage waveform

voltage
level
Vdc

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

Vdc/2

-Vdc/2

-Vdc

12

Modes of operation cont..

PWM Pulses of H6 topology generated by SPWM

13

Modes of operation cont

Output
voltage
of
H5
topology

At fs =15KHz;
Vs=380V;
R=1000;
M=0.87
Output
voltage
of
H6
topolog
y

14

Modes of operation cont

HYBRIDE CASECADED MULTILEVEL INVERTERS [H5&H6] WITH R-LOAD

(At fs =15KHz;Vs=380V;R=1000;M=0.87)

The voltage stresses are low in H6 topology

The switching losses are low in H6 topology
%THD is low in H6 topology
However the total number of switches consisting in the H5 topology is low compare with H6 topology.

15

GRID CONNECTED
MLI TOPOLOGIES

16

GRID Connected MLI cont..

General hybrid multi level inverter connects to the single phase grid:

A.C voltage source act as a grid with required nominal voltage of 230V and 50 Hz frequency.
The filter must be designed precisely.
To reduce the voltage distortions when delivers to the load
To stabilize the energy output
To achieve sinusoidal shape and precise value.
17

GRID Connected MLI cont..

OUTPUT FILTER DESIGN:

H(j)=
H(j)=(R/L) where =2*pi*f;=damping factor:
By substituting 2=(R/L);; (2)=(1/RC) are in the above equation then,

H(j)=1-j(1/2)
| H(j)|=
When the increase then magnitude | H(j)| decreases .If phase angle increase while damping decrease.
In time domain If <1 that causes under damping
If >1that causes over damping and
If =1 that causes critical damping .
But when =(1/)=0.707 ,then the filter circuit act as low pass filter .

18

GRID Connected MLI cont..

OUTPUT FILTER DESIGN:

Single phase grid parameters

Simulation Parameters

value

Filtering inductor (Lf1=Lf2)

1 mH

Filtering capacitor(Cf)

2 F

Damping resistor (Rf)

0.5

Grid impedance(Zg)

The own design of the filter is a compromise between the value of the capacitance and
inductance.
The high capacitor has positive effects on the voltage quality.
The higher inductance value is required to achieve demanded cut-off frequency of the filter.
It is second order filter and it has better damping behaviors than L -filter
The output filter reduces the harmonics.

19

Effectiveness of the filter in H5 topology

GRID Connected MLI cont..

converter output
voltage waveform
THD before filter
is 33.86%

converter output
voltage waveform
THD after filter
is 0.95%

20

Effectiveness of the filter in H6 topology

GRID Connected MLI cont..

converter output
voltage waveform
THD before filter
is 34.70%

converter output
voltage waveform
THD after filter
is 1.10%

21

GRID Connected MLI cont..

Effectiveness of the filter in H5 topology

Before filter

After filter

[Vo]
Fundamental

%THD

334.2V

32.86

[Vg]
Fundamental
327.2V

%THD
0.95

Effectiveness of the filter in H6 topology

Before filter

After filter

[Vo]

[Vg]

Fundamental

%THD

Fundamental

331.8V

34.70

328.8V

%THD
1.10

In compression of both topologies with grid connection the following

observations are made
H5 and H6 topologies gives better performance with less variations
Further research continues for the both topologies with source of PV-Cell
instead of a dc source

22

PV-GRID CONNECTED
MLI TOPOLOGIES

23

PV-GRID Connected MLI cont..

H5-Topology

or

H6-Topology

Fig: PV grid H6 topology simulink diagram

24

PV-GRID Connected MLI cont..

Fig : Equivalent Circuit of a

PV cell

(1)

(2)

(3)
Vpv=-Rs*Ipv(4)
25

PV-GRID Connected MLI cont..

Ipvis load current

Isc is photon current or short circuit current
Idis diode current
Isis reverse saturation current of the diode
q is the charge of electron,1.602*C
Vpvis voltage across the load
K is the boltzmans constant(J/K)
T is the junction temperature
N is the ideality factor, which is measure of how closely the diode follows the
ideal diode(1 to 2)
Ki is cells short circuit current temperature coefficient =6.227
is the solar irradiance
This simulation model of P.V Array is designed on the basis of above mathematical
equations from (1) to (4) in the MATLAB Environment .
The designed PV panel supplies 380V to the proposed circuit during operation
PV-panel takes short circuit current as 3.807A and open circuit voltage is 1000V and
series resistance is assumed to be 0.1147 .

26

PV-GRID Connected MLI cont..

Output results of PV grid proposed topologies(H5 and H6)

(At fs=15KHz;Vdc=380V;M=0.87)
Topology

Inverter Output Voltage

[Vo]

Grid Voltage
[Vg]

Parasitic capacitor
voltage
[Vp]

Leakage current
[iL]

Fundamental

%THD

Fundamental

%THD

H5

333.1V

32.99

328.4V

1.00

608.7V

1.1100A

H6

329.9V

33.59

328.5V

0.98

334.2V

0.4459A

The main aim of this project is to address the problems(iL

and

vp, %THD) associated with the transformer less systems

Note :
Actually 1A leakage current causes harmful effect on the
system,
parasitic capacitor voltage must be equal to the midpoint voltage
Vm
As per the leakage current and voltage balancing point of view the H6 had outstanding
features, but it not enough.
27
So that we are go to the closed loop operation for H6 topology.

CLOSED LOOP CONTROL OF

PV-GRID H6 TOPOLOGY

28

Closed loop cont..

Block scheme of the balancing control of the midpoint voltage

29

Closed loop cont..

S5 and S6 configurations providing the same voltage VMP to the full bridge rails. In
(a), the HS capacitor is discharging, and in (b), the LS capacitor is discharging.
30

Closed loop cont..

CHS = CLS = C
DC capacitor circuit employed for the analytical
analysis of the Voltage Balancing

C d(VdcVMP) = Idc ID5

dt
C dVMP = Idc ID5 IMP
dt
dVMP = IMP
dt
2C
In asymmetrical conditions ,VMP Vdc/2 .

31

Closed loop cont..

grid FB CLS, provides VMP

grid < FB CHS, provides VMP.

MVC working in case of a positive FB

32

Block diagram presentation of closed loop operation

Closed loop cont..

33

SIMULATION RESULTS

34

Results cont..

OUTPUT RESULTS DUE TO CLOSED LOOP CONFIGURATION

OF H6 TOPOLOGY

Converter output
voltage (Vo)
THD =17.12%

Grid voltage (Vg)

THD =0.75%

35

Results cont..

parasitic capacitor
voltage
(Vp)=-160.5V

half of the supply

voltage
(Vdc/2)=160.5V

36

Results cont..

leakage current
iL=0.04682A

1.2
leakage current

1
0.8
0.6

1.11

0.4
0.44

0.2
0

H5(open loop)

H6(open loop)

0.04
H6(closed loop)
37

Results cont..

Closed Loop Control Of PV-GRID H6 Topology

Inverter

Grid Voltage

Parasitic

Leakage Mid-

Output Voltage

[Vg]

capacitor

current

voltage

[iL]

[Vo]
Fundamental %THD Fundamental %THD

328.8V

17.91

328V

0.75

[Vp]

-160.5V

point
voltage
[Vmp]

0.04682A 160.5V

38

CONCLUSIONS
From the table it can be concluded that parasitic capacitance is
greatly reduced which can reduce the voltage stress on the
switching devices.
It is also concluded that the leakage current is also greatly
reduce from 1.11A to 0.04682A.
Because of reduction in the leakage current grid performance is
improve to the 0.75% of THD.
From above conclusion it can be stated that H6 topology is
recamended for the transformer-less PV GRID system.
39

THANK YOU