BY : SECOND

GROUP

DIARRHOEA

DEFINITION
Diarrhea is defined by the World
Health Organization (WHO) as
three or more watery or loose
bowel movements in a 24 hour
period (2009)

Osmotic Diarrhea

TYPES OF DIARRHOEA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Acute diarrhea
Chronic Diarrhoea
Pathological disorders
Secretory Diarrhoea
Osmotic Diarrhea

Osmotic Diarrhea

CAUSES

1. Viruses : Norwalk virus,

cytomegalovirus and viral hepatitis
2. Bacteria and parasites : Parasites such
as Giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium
can cause diarrhea. Common bacterial
causes of diarrhea include
campylobacter, salmonella, shigella and
Escherichia coli
3. Medications
4. Lactose intolerance
5. Fructose
6. Artificial sweeteners
7. Surgery
8. Other digestive disorders

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Osmotic Diarrhea

Increased frequency of bowel

movements
Loose, watery stools
Urgency (having to go right
away)
Incontinence(leakage of stools)
Bloating, wind
Rectal pain
Lowerabdominal painor
cramping
Nausea,vomiting

Osmotic Diarrhea

problems

The problems often arise in

diarrhoea is dehydration.
Dehydration is a disturbance in
the balance of fluids in the body
due to water spending more
than income (such as drinking)

Levels of dehydration
Osmotic Diarrhea

1. Mild dehydration (fluid lost 2-5%

BB) : turgor decreases, hoarse
voice (vox cholerica), the patient
is in shock
2. moderate dehydration(liquid lost
5-8% BB): poor turgor,
hoarseness, presyok or the
patient is in shock, rapid pulse,
rapid breathing and deep
3. Severe dehydration (fluid lost 810% of body weight): the equal
sign of dehydration is being
accompanied by decreased

Signs of dehydration

Problems solving
How best diarrhea treatment is to
make rehydration (return of lost
fluids) to prevent dehydration
with ORS. Intravenous fluids are
given only on the state of severe
dehydration.

DOSAGE USE ORS

1. The following doses of ORS usage
by age taken in the first three
hours:
Age under 1 year = 300 ml or 1.5
cups
Age 1-5 years = 600 ml, or three
glasses
Age 6-12 years = 1.21 or 6 cups
Age over 12 years - Adult = 2.41
or 12 glasses

DOSAGE USE ORS

2. Here the use of ORS by age taken
after defecating or vomiting:
Age under 1 year = 100 ml or 0.5
cups (half a glass)
Age 1-5 years = 200 ml or 1 cup
Age 5-12 years = 300 ml or 1.5
cups
Age over 12 years - Adults = 400
ml or 2 cups

HOW TO MAKE ORS

1. Here's how to make ORS
(pharmacy preparations):
a. Prepare 1 cup (200 ml) of water
that had been cooked / water
tea
b. Put 1 packet of ORS powder
into a glass
c. Stir until completely dissolved

HOW TO MAKE ORS

2. We too can make their own
rehydration salts sugar solution,
do the following:
a. Sugar one teaspoon full
b. 1/4 teaspoon salt
c. Air cook 1 cup
d. The mixture is stirred until
dissolved completely