Water Security Challenges of Pakistan

Options for Balochistan

SARDAR MUHAMMAD TARIQ

Ex-Member (Water) WAPDA

Water Scarcity Indicators

(Falkenmark Indicators)

>1700 M3/Capita

Water Scarcity Rare.

<1700 M3/Capita

Country faces seasonal or regular

water-stressed conditions.

<1000 M3/Capita

Water shortages hamper the health

and well-being of the human
beings, economic activities are
affected.

<500 M3/Capita

Shortages are severe constraints

to human life.

Water Scarcity Indicators: 1700 m3/person is the threshold value.

Definition:
A water resource system is considered stressed
if it is unable to deliver the necessary water for
environmental, social and economic purposes.

Global Perspective

97% saline water - 3% fresh water. 2% fresh water caped in

glaciers and icebergs. Out of remaining 1%, 20% cannot be
captured inaccessible.

Remaining fresh water globally available is only 0.8% and is finite.

This 0.8% amounts to 43,659 BCM. In case it is uniformly

distributed over the globe, it is in abundance.
43,659 BCM 7.2 billion people = 6,064 m3/person

With 1,700 m3/P/Y it can cater for a population of 26 billion.

Problem:

Variability in space and time rain forest on one hand

and desert on other.

Water Availability in Pakistan

Surface Water
Ground Water:

154.88 MAF

Total Area
39.5 Million Acres
Saline
24.7 Million Acres
(63%)
Fresh Water
14.8 Million Acres
(37%)
Total Quantity Available
59 MAF
Present Extraction
50 MAF (85%)
Balance
9 MAF (economic
limit)
---------------------Secondary Salinization, Fluorides & Arsenic

A High Risk Water Environment

Pakistans dependence on single river system
is highly vulnerable and has little flexibility as
compared to most of the countries enjoyed by
virtue of multiple river basins and diversity of
water resources. If the water/sediment/salt
system of the Indus Basin goes badly wrong,
thats it and unfortunately we are very close
to it.

Water Management Challenges

10000

23
0

216.8

22

POPULATION
GROWTH

8000

21

0
21

178

5650 m3
(1951)

2000
1000
0

POPULATION ( MILLIONS)

19

3000

20

6000

TA
PI
CA
TY
R
LI
BI
PE
LA
AI
AV

PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY (M)

20

18
0
17
0

AFTER
TARBELA

106

104

AFTER
MANGLA

16
0

BEFORE
TREATY

INDEPENDENCE

1700 m3
1992

12
0

1972

1981

19
0
18
0
17
0
16

15
0
14
0

1000 m3
2012

1961

885 m3
1350 m3 2020
2002
550 m3
2025

13
0
1951

98.
6

WATER
SHORT
COUNTRY

AFTER
TREATY

15

14

138

CANAL DIVERSIONS (MAF)

7000

4000

22

POPULATION ( MILLIONS)

9000

5000

23

225

1992

YEARS

2002

13
2012

2020 2025

0
12
0

NB: Population growth

by 2025 would be equal to 8 times the population
of
11
11

Carry over Capacity

Egypt (Aswan)

1,000 days (Niles)

America

900 days (Colorado)

Australia

600 days

South Africa

500 days (Orange River)

India

120 to 220 days

Pakistan

30 days

Per Capita Storage

America
Australia
Pakistan

6,150 m3/person
5,000 m3/person
52 m3/person

GDP Contribution Per M 3 of Water

World (Average)
Developed Countries
Malaysia
Pakistan

8.60 US$
30-40 US$
10 US$
0.34 US$

QUETTA WATER SUPPLY- WAY

FORWARD
Option No. 1 Barrage on Indus

Ground water at its economic limit due to over

exploitation
Surface water has to be brought to the Quetta valley
from outside resources
Quetta at 5400 feet elevation
Barrage at Mithan Kot elevation 210 feet
Water can be pumped through a steel pipe line to
Quetta valley over a distance of 280 miles in multiple
stages

Continued

Dedicate one power house exclusively for this

purpose

Route --- Mithan KotRojhanSuiTemple DereNutal

Bell PatSibiDhaderQuetta

Barrage at Mithan Kot will give full control to

Government of Balochistan

As the needs, exceeds additional water can be

pumped to meet requirement

Option No. 2
Supply from Mangi Dam Mangi Dam Project located 100 km east of Quetta on
Khost River at 32 km from Kach
Minimum R.L at Mangi Dam-------------5249 feet
Supply Point (balel) elevation-----------5190 feet
Mostly gravity flow except some lifting due to intervening
topography
Uncertainties are there due to impact of climate change and
prolonged drought conditions

Option No.3

Option No. 3

Supply from PAT Feeder Canal Pumping of 54MDG (100 cusecs) of water from Pat feeder
canal to Quetta through a pipe line about 154 miles long

Pat feeder canal is capable of taking another 100 cusecs with

out modifications
Multiple stage pumping
Locate pump house at R.D 506+000 of Pat feeder canal

Continued Alignment along railway line which follows flattest slope

Sites are available for intermediate pumping stations
At 135 miles from the canal near Kolpur balancing reservoir
can be constructed at a higher level than the Quetta city
From this reservoir a gravity main line along the existing
railway line would supply water directly to Quetta water
distribution system

Option No. 4
Kachi Canal: Option can be looked into
Kachi canal would need to be converted to a perennial
canal
Cross drainage structures offer extreme safety hazards
which would hinder water supply

Closing Messages
Water is a strategic asset as any other asset, that you
have for the Defence of Motherland Water is an
extremely destructive weapon.

Water security is a National security.

Water should be considered as hard component of our
Foreign Policy. Redefine it as a core issue.

Water belongs to the next generations. We have to leave

behind clean and adequate water regime.

Thanks