Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
URI/IRI LAYER
Bottom Layer
XML Schema
•Describes the structure of XML document
•Entails data typing and constrains document structure to
maintain predictable computable processing
•Defines the content and semantics
XML Layer (Contd…)
XML Query
•Standardized Query language for combining documents, databases,
Web pages and almost everything.
•Provides flexible query facilities to extract data from real and virtual
documents on the WWW
XML Layer (Contd…)
XML Topic Maps
•Addresses the issue of Internationalization and Identity
•Provides an Interchange syntax for finding aids( index, glossaries etc.)
•Creates associations among topics- electronic proxies of subjects
•Basenames that can be scoped by human languages are built into the
data model
•Explicitly distinguishes between addressable and non-addressable
subjects
Semantic Base
Data Interchange Layer: RDF
and exchange
structured Vocabularies
•Disjointness
•Cardinality
•Equalify
•Rich typing
•Enumeration
Ontology Layer (OWL) (Contd…)
Design Goals
Shared Ontologies:
•Should be available publicly
•Should be extensible
Ontology Evolution:
•Change during lifetime
•Ontology Version
Ontology Interoperability:
•Provide primitives for relating different representation
Ontology Layer (OWL) (Contd…)
Existing Ontologies:
•DDC (Dewey Decimal Classification)
•MeSH ( Medical Subject Heading)
Existing Meta-Ontologies:
•Cyc
•Conceptual Graphs
•OIL (Ontology Inferencing Layer)
Query and Rule Layers: RIF &
SPARQL
SPARQL Features:
Express queries across diverse data source
Query Audit and Optional graph
Supports extensible value testing
Provide resolved queries as result sets
Unifying Logic Layer
Status
Universal language for monotonic logic
Any rule system can export, generally cannot import
No one standard engine – inference capabilities differ
Many engines exist (SQL to KIF, Cycl, etc.)
Any system can validate proofs
Web assumptions different from closed world
Unifying Logic Layer (Contd…)
Validation
Two disciplines:
Encryption
User Interaction
Samples
SPARQL
OWL
References
1. ‘XML and Web Services Unleashed’ by Schmelzer, Travis, Jason, Madhu,
Sam, Qualls, Houlding, Darby, Diane Kennedy, Sams Publishing
2. ‘Implementing Semantic Web Services’ by Fensel, Kerrigan, Zaremba,
Springer Press
3. ‘Semantic Web for Dummies’ by Jeffrey T. Pollock, Wiley Publishing Inc.
4. ‘Programming the Semantic Web’ by Tobie, Evans and Taylor, O’Reilly
Media
5. ‘XML Databases and the Semantic Web’ by Bhavani Thuraisingham, CRC
Press
6. ‘Semantic Web Programming’ by Hebeler, Fisher, Blace and Lopez,
Wiley Publishing Inc.
Thank you!