Transformer components

Transformer components cooling system

OIL PUMP

COOLING FANS

Transformer components Buchholz relay

BUCHHOLZ RELAY

High eddy currents + local overheating + partial discharges occur within the
tank gas bubbles rise to the top of the tank gas moves to the pipe
between conservator and the tank goes to the Buchholz relay chamber.
Gas builds up in the chamber oil level decreases force the float to
produce alarm.
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Transformer components gas pressure relay

SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAY

CHANGE PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE

internal arcing excessive rates of pressure rise within tank The

Sudden Pressure Relay Detect this.
A seal-in circuit is also available for tripping the transformer offline.
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Transformer Oil:
Two main factors cause transformer failure;
Heat.
Moisture.
Poor Heat Transfer:
Oil loses the ability to cool
Contamination: Overheating of transformer.
Loss of Dielectric Strength:
Oil loses the ability to insulate.
Contamination: Moisture, dust and carbon particles.
Oil dielectric and cooling media for the windings and core.
Quality of oil Service-reliability of an oil immersed transformer

Transformer Oil: (Contd.)

Effects of Moisture in Oil:
Moisture in oil Chances of dielectric breakdown of the oil.
Increasing the moisture contents of insulation from 0.2% to 2.0%
will accelerate the aging by a factor of 20.
Moisture in oil causes
Reducing oil dielectric strength.
Accelerating the aging of oil.
Reducing insulation dielectric strength.
Accelerating the aging of insulation.
Moisture can be removed from the oil by various methods:
Heat or vacuum treat or filter the oil through a particle filter.
The heated oil is exposed to a vacuum water evaporation.

Tap Changers:

Voltage Control in the power system.

To regulate the voltage of a transformer as per requirement.
Tap changer is fitted on HV winding due to low current.
The basic principal of tap changing is achieved by changing the Turn
Ratio of the transformer.

VP NP
VS
NS

VSNP VPNS
VS VPNS
NP
VS 1
NP
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Types of Tap Changers:

Off load Tap changer.

- Voltage change is infrequent.

- Taps are changed when transformer is disconnected from the
line.

On load Tap changer.

- Voltage change is frequent due to load change.

- Taps are changed during load flow.
- High voltage winding is divided into two parts.
Main winding & Tap winding.
- Tap selector switch is divide into two parts.
Even tap selector side & Odd tap selector side.

On load Tap changer:

Modes of operation:

Manually with handle. ( Local )

Manually Electrically. ( Local)
Manually. ( Remote )
Automatic Through AVR.

Transformer components tap changer

On load
TAP-CHANGER

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Transformer Construction
A simple transformer has two basic parts.
1. Core
2. Windings

Core:
Core is that part of transformer in which most of the flux is produced when the
primary winding is connected to an AC source. This flux interact with the
secondary winding through the core inducing the EMF at the secondary side.
Silicon steel containing 4%-5% silicon is widely used for core making.

Laminated Core Less Eddy

current losses

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Transformer core
Two different Core shapes in use today.
1. Core type Iron core
2. Shell type Iron core

Iron cores are distinguished by the

method of placing primary and Secondary windings around the laminated core.
iron circuit is surrounded by
windings Core type

windings are surrounded by

iron circuit Shell type

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Transformer core

Three Windings
three limbs

Three Windings
five limbs
Three Phase Core Transformer

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Transformer Winding
Three types of windings.

1.

Interleaved Disk Winding

Used in EHV or UHV Substation transformers

2.

Continuous Disk Winding

This winding is applicable to transformers
ranging from BIL of 350kV to 1559kV.

3.

Helical Winding
This winding is used for transformers ranging
Below 20kV.

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