MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF GRID INTERCONNECTED ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR

FULFILMENT OF POWER DEMAND WITH ECONOMIC

COST THROUGH TRANSMISSION NETWORK

KATKAR ABHISHEK BAJIRAO

MASTER OF RURAL TECHNOLOGY
YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN SCHOOL OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR.
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MR. S. B. DESAI

DEPARTMENT OF RURAL TECHNOLOGY

TECHNOLOGY
SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR.

MR. M. M. WAGH
DEPARTMENT OF RURAL
SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR.

INTRODUCTION

Energy: Prime input of Economic Development

Indias status on Energy Scenario

Key issues of Electricity reforms 2003

Role of Transmission sector in Power System

Need and ways of Load Schedulement

Concept of Modeling of Grid Inter-connected

Transmission System

Optimization and Economic Dispatch of Grid

Power

SCOPE

Study and analysis of grid inter-connected

transmission system of Karveer region (O & M

Kolhapur Circle) operated by MSETCL in Kolhapur
district comprises 7 High Voltage (110 KV)
substations which supplies power to distribution
substations.

Consideration of 5 co-genergation plant feeder

connected to Karveer transmission grid which

fed power to nearest transmission substations.

OBJECTIVES

Precise Schedulement of power available at grid fed by

IPPs and determine import power need to take from zonal

transmission grid to O & M circle.

Collection of transmission network data regarding load

demand, line parameters, grid fed power, SLD etc.

Computation of Transmission System parameters using

Power Flow Analysis.

Computation of net transmission loss of grid inter-

connected transmission network.

Allocation of optimum grid supplied power towards

distribution centers for fulfillment of regional load demand.

APPLICATIONS

Fast and Precise computation of complex Grid

Inter-connected Transmission system model

Planning and Scheduling of load in real-time

approach
Determination

of individual bus or total regional

active power demand and line parameters.

Computation

of Transmission loss in Inter-

connected system.
Simulation

(MATLAB) offers numerous advantage

like user-friendly access, maskable programming etc.

METHODOLOGY
1.

Collect data of interconnected transmission network made up of seven

transmission substation like total buses, bus voltage, active and reactive power
for getting exact load curve and other transmission parameters such as voltage
regulation, power factor etc.

2.

Collect the details of grid power total cost of available feeders fed supply
continuously to grid. It consist a Karad-400 kV line and 5 cogeneration plant
feeder connected to nearest substation.

3.

Draw Grid Power-total O & M cost curve from recorded data and find curve fit
equation.

4.

Collect data of transmission lines resistance and reactance for computation

transmission line parameters like voltage, active and reactive power, supplydemand deficit etc. with the help of Newton-Raphson Power Flow technique.

5.

Raw data processed into uniform database i.e. per unit system of base MVA is
100.

6.

Mathematical formulated system plan to simulate on MATLAB platform due to

entrance of user-friendly access and ease in alteration and modification of
programme assembly.

7.

Proposed model of grid interconnected transmission system is configured into

various optimization techniques to get precise and valid result under test
conditions.

8.

Four usual cases are tested in different optimization algorithm for complete
iterative solution and comparative analysis of proposed model and suitability of

Transmission Network of
Karveer Region
Substation

Maximum

Name (110

Load (MW)

Co-generation

kV)
Mudshingi

193.669

Jawahar
Renuka

Gokulshirgaon

66.72

Shahu

Puikhadi

83.089

Kumbhi

Kale

41.58

Bapat Camp

88.23

Shiroli

101.07

Chambukhadi

44.07

Asurle-Porle

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

POWER LOADING
SCENARIO
MONTHLY LOAD CURVE
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

328

339

351

JAN

FEB

MAR

364

APR

387

MAY

369

JUN

351

JUL

334

322

313

304

301

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Average Demand (MW)

SUPPLEY-DEMAND
12.8%

400

14.89%
350

13.69%

300

POWER (MW)

250

Demand

200

Supply

150
100
50
0

302.4
2012-13
257.04

309.8
2013-14
266.56

335
2014-15
283.4

KARVEER GRID FED POWER

DETAILS

POWER FED AT GRID BY COGENERATION PLANT

POWER (MW)

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

16.65

15.58
13.16
10.77
7.71

RENUKA

JAWAHAR

ASURLE P

KUMBHI

COGENERATION PLANT FEEDER CONNECTED TO GRID

SHAHU

CO-GENERATION POWER
OUTLAY AND DEMAND CURVE
OF KARVEER REGION

HIGHLIGHTS OF KARVEER REGIONAL

INTER-CONNCTED TRANSMISSION
GRID

In demand consumption, Karveer stood topmost position so it need

to more attention towards load schedulement of Kolhapur district.

Karveer power demand rises gradually by 10% since 2011-12. If

this goes on in future then it need to make some good provision to
supply increase in demand or proper planning of available power
at grid make assure of demand fulfillment.

Power deficit issue dropped by 2% since 2011-12 but still it faces

12.8% deficit in average demand which is markable point for load
committer.

In 2014-15, average demand of Karveer recorded 327MW and

maximum demand is 387 MW.

The net difference in sending end power and receiving end power i.e.
transmission loss is 24 MW. Total available generation in 2014-15 is 307
MW. Hence transmission efficiency can be calculated by ratio of difference
between available power and losses to total available power i.e. 92% which
is quite good.

The average power factor calculated from ratio of reactive power to

apparent power consumed inside transmission network is 0.7 lag which
was moderate and maintained as per regulation made by CEA.

Transformers plays very efficient role throughout operation i.e. only 4 MW

loss which is 18% on net transmission loss was occurred due to it. It helps
to reduce maintenance cost as well as stable transmission system.

The load factor get from ratio of average demand to maximum demand of
Karveer region is 0.63 which signifies high variation in load demand during
year so it should properly plan of requisite power for demand fulfillment of
Karveer.

Voltage regulation is nothing but ratio of difference in sending end voltage

THEORY OF MODELING OF
GRID INTER-CONNECTED
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Concept and Need of Grid Inter-connected

Transmission System Model

Advantages of Modeling Simulation Tool

Concept of Power Flow Studies

Computational Method of Transmission Line Loss

Concept and Methods of Transmission Grid

Optimization

Economic Load Dispatch

POWER FLOW ANALYSIS OF

KARVEER REGIONAL
TRANSMISSION GRID
Applications
Various

Methods of Power Flow Analysis

Advantages
Input

of Power Flow Studies

of Newton-Raphson Method

parameters required for computation of

power flow
Computational

process of Newton Raphson

Method
Algorithm

of Newton Raphson Method

TRANSMISSION LOSS ANALYSIS

USING B-LOSS COEFFICIENT
METHOD

Requirement of input entities transmission loss

computation.

Functions of MSLDC

Application of B-loss Coefficient Method

Advantages of loss accounting at Zonal level

= AK1Ig1coefficient
+ AK2Ig2
Computational Process ofIKB-Loss
Method
AK1 and AK2 = current distribution factors.
Ig1 and Ig2

= Current drawn from two incoming feeder

at grid
P1 and P2 = Three phase real power injected at feeder 1
and feeder 2.
cos 1 and cos 1 = power factors of feeder 1 and
feeder 2

ALGORITHM OF
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES

Quadratic Programming

Genetic Algorithm

Artificial Bee Colony

Bat Algorithm

Simulated Annealing

Differential Algorithm

QUADRATIC
PROGRAMMING

GENETIC ALGORITHM

ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY

BAT ALGORITHM

SIMULATED ANNEALING

DIFFERENTIAL
EVOLUTION

FORMULATION OF GRID INTERCONNECTED TRANSMISSION

SYSTEM MODEL
Objective

Function: Ci=ai+bi Pi+ ciPi2

Transmission

Loss Equation:

Constraints:

Pi

min

Supply-Demand

criteria:

P i P i

balance

max

SIMULATION OF INTERCONNECTED TRANSMISSION

GRID OF KARVEER REGION

SIMULATION RESULTS OF
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF
GRID INTER-CONNECTED
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Minimize, total grid power purchase cost,

SIMULATION OF DIFFERENT
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
MATLAB

Programme of QP, GA, ABC, BA, SA and DE

Consideration
Grid-fed

of 4 demand cases from load curve

power limit usually recorded in respective

demand cases

RESULTS DISCUSSION
The four usual cases of load demand recorded in Karveer region has considered for
simulation because these cases are showing minimum and maximum power
handing capacity of inter-connected transmission system of Karveer region in the
way of peak demand, average demand and low demand so under these condition
how transmission system of Karveer region works and what actual loading impact
in terms of transmission system has put below obtained from simulation results.
For optimization of grid inter-connected transmission system considered six
variables obtained from B-loss coefficient method which are showing power
supplying energy system which need to deliver optimum power to fulfill net
demand of Karveer region.
POWER SCHEDULEMENT
500

387

Demand (MW)
413.8

Loss (MW)
340

400

358.82

Supply (MW)

327

344.72

387

413.11

300
POWER (MW)
200
100
0

26.8
CASE 1

18.82

17.72

26.11

CASE 2

CASE 3

CASE 4

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
ITEARTION NUMBERS

12
10
8
6
4
2
0
11
QP

9
GA

8
ABC

6
BA

CONVERGENCE TIME (SEC)

2.5

4
SA

3
DE

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1.1
QP

2.1
GA

2.09
ABC

2.05
BA

1.9
SA

1.02
DE

 Grid

CONCLUSION

inter-connected transmission system model and optimization

study is essential tool for analysis of transmission system which

gives real time approach as well as optimization with economy in
operation offers ultimate efficiency with sound profit in operation
and maintenance.

Karveer taluka comprised variety of sectoral consumption takes

place due to mix of rural, urban and semi-urban region. So it gives

better scope to study and analysis of grid management.

Transmission efficiency and voltage regulation of Karveer grid is

92% and 4.2% respectively and 5 cogeneration plants supplies

power to grid which perhaps accounts 30% participation in demand
fulfillment and which is economical and grid energized at rated
capacity strengthens efficiency and also long distance transmission

Newton-Raphson

technique to formulate grid interconnected system due

to fast convergence and less number of iterations in complex math

equations and various optimization techniques such as QP, GA, ABC, BA,
SA and DE in MATLAB. For all cases test results obtained after computation
are quite similar which support that concern model has appropriate and
valid for all test conditions. Among them DE offers similar results in less
number of iterations in less convergence time which signifies that DE is
most suited for optimization of grid inter-connected transmission system in
Karveer region.
Case-1

and case-4 both are exact differentiable. In case-1 314.45 MW

power extracted by import and remaining available at grid for supplying

net power demand but in case-4 413.1 MW power need to drag from zonal
grid for balancing supply plus demand and loss of Karveer region. In cost
perspectives case-1 accounts 0.112 million $ for total purchase and in
same amount of power purchase in case-4 need to pay 0.1822 million $
hence it gets that cogeneration available power plays very important role
not only to fulfill demand but also in terms of economic cost of purchase.

RECOMMANDATIONS
Adaption

of Advanced Optimization Artificial Intelligence Methods

for Load Schedulement .

Inter-district

planning authority should divide into zonal centers

for better power schedulement, management and control over

large distributed transmission system.
Support

of digital computers, compatible hardware and most

important PLC and SCADA automated system for data

measurement and control.
Special

arrangement of modeling packages like Artificial Neural

Network and Fuzzy based programming software packages require

to calculate big transmission system parameters and to account
all grid related computation in time without heavy effort.

THANK YOU