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Fisiologi Ginjal
Fungsi Ginjal
Mempertahankan keseimbangan H2O di
tubuh.
Mempertahankan osmolaritas cairan
tubuh yang sesuai, terutama melalui
regulasi keseimbangan H2O. Fungsi ini
penting untuk mencegah fluks-fluks
osmotik masuk atau keluar sel.
Mengatur jumlah dan konsentrasi
sebagian besar ion CES, termasuk
natrium (Na+), klorida (Cl-), kalium (K+),
bikarbonat (HCO3-).
Mempertahankan volume plasma yang
Fungsi Ginjal
Membantu mempertahankan
keseimbangan asam-basa tubuh.
Mengeluarkan produk-produk akhir
(sisa) metabolisme tubuh.
Mengeluarkan banyak senyawa
asing.
Menghasilkan eritropoietin.
Menghasilkan renin
Mengubah vitamin D menjadi bentuk
aktifnya.
Lokasi Ginjal
bf 7
Struktur Ginjal
Renal capsule
Renal cortex
Renal corpuscle
Nephrons
Renal medulla
Renal
cortex
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal
medulla
Renal sinus
Renal column
Fat
in renal sinus
Collecting
duct
Renal
tubule
Papilla
Renal pelvis
Minor calyx
Renal papilla
(b)
Renal pyramid
Ureter
(a)
(c)
Afferent
arteriole
Blood
flow
Efferent
arteriole
Slit pore
Pedicel
Primary process
of podocyte
Blood
flow
Glomerular
capsule
Parietal layer
of glomerular
capsule
Slit pore
Glomerulus
Proximal
convoluted
tubule
Visceral layer of
glomerular capsule
Pedicel
Primary process
of podocyte
Nephrons
Blood Supply of a
Nephron
Cortical nephron
Renal
cortex
Juxtamedullary
nephron
Renal
medulla
Collecting
duct
Juxtaglomerular
Apparatus
Urine Formation
The main function of the nephrons and collecting ducts is to
control the composition of body fluids and remove wastes
from the blood, the product being urine
Urine contains wastes, excess water, and electrolytes
Urine is the final product of the processes of:
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
14
Glomerular Filtration
Glomerular filtration
Substances move from the blood to the glomerular capsule
Glomerular
Filtration
Rate
Effects of Aldosterone
Aldosterone is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex.
It helps regulate the concentration of extracellular
electrolytes by conserving sodium and excreting potassium
ions. Its secretion is regulated by concentration of
electrolytes in body fluids and by the renin-angiotensin
mechanism.
19
Effects of ANP
ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP)
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular reabsorption
Substances move from the renal tubules into the
interstitial fluid where they then diffuse into the
peritubular capillaries
The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs (70%):
Glucose, water, urea, proteins, and creatine
Amino, lactic, citric, and uric acids
Phosphate, sulfate, calcium, potassium, and sodium
ions
21
Tubular Secretion
Tubular secretion
Substances move from the plasma of the peritubular
capillaries into the fluid of the renal tubules
Active transport mechanisms function here
Secretion of substances such as drugs and ions
24
Peritubular capillary
Blood flow
K+ or H+
Tubular reabsorption
Na+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Tubular secretion
Na+
H+
K+
Na+
Na+
K+
K+
Na+
Na+
Na+
Tubular fluid
H+
Na+
K+
Na+
Na+
Ascending limb
of nephron loop
Collecting duct
Tubular secretion is
important for:
Disposing of substances, such as certain drugs and
metabolites, that are tightly bound to plasma proteins.
Eliminating undesirable substances or end products that
have been reabsorbed by passive processes.
Ridding the body of excess K+.
Controlling blood pH.
Mechanisms for
forming dilute and
concentrated urine.
Summary of
tubular
reabsorption
Daftar Pustaka
Irianto, K., 2012, Anatomi dan Fisiologi,
Alfabeta, Bandung, pp. 288-290.
Sherwood, L., 2013, Human Physiology:
From Cells to Systems, 9th
Edition, Cengage Learning, USA,
pp.960-985.
Sherwood, L., 2011, Fisiologi Manusia,
edisi 6, EGC, Jakarta, pp.553-590.