AND

ELECTRONICS
SAFETY
102
108
110
204
210

Agbuya, Jeffrey Wenzen D.

Garces, Joshua Kim D.
Lagradilla, Christian Angelo R.
Pintucan, Jerkin M.
Villacorta, Kristofer John A.

SFTY100 / B5

I. PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL
CODE

102

AGBUYA, JEFFREY WENZEN D.

HISTORY
The first documented case of a Code as a requirement

of rules was published on 16th Nov. 1881 entitled

The Dangers of Electric Lighting.

By

October 1879, Edison and his team first produced

the incandescent light bulb.

Later

in 1897, the first National Electrical Code was

developed.

The

2009 Philippine Electrical Code used the 2005

edition of the National Electrical Code as reference
code.

PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

Practical

safeguarding of persons and property from

hazards arising from the use of electricity

The

term untrained persons can be interpreted to

mean anyone who does NOT have an understanding of
electricity and electrical construction.

It

can also mean that the Code assumes a person

reading or studying it knows and understands basic
Ohm Law, Kirchoffs Law, the triangle of fire, etc.

SCOPE
The

Philippine Electrical Code COVERS the installation

of electrical conductors, equipment, and raceways,
monitoring, signaling, and communications conductors,
equipment, and raceways; and optical fibers and
raceways installed within or on, to from:
- public and private buildings
- industrial plants
- transformer stations
- airfields
- railways switchyard

 The Philippine Electrical Code

does not COVER:

- Installations in railway rolling stock, aircraft, or

automotive vehicles.
- Installations of railways for generation,
transformation, transmission, or distribution of power
used exclusively for operation of transmission stock.

OBJECTIVES
The

Philippine Electrical code is used nationally as the

basis for safeguarding persons, buildings and its
contents from hazards that may arise from the use of
electricity.

This

code contains provisions which is considered

necessary for safety and thus, is used as basis for the
legal enforcement agency in the government regarding
electrical installation.

AUTHORITY
The Code has been approved and adopted Philippine Board
of
Electrical
Commission.

Engineering,

Professional

Regulation

By Virtue of authority vested in the board under RA 7920. It

hereby direct strict adherence to the provision of this code.

RA 7920 New Electrical Engineering Law

Where deviations from these provisions are

necessary,
such deviations shall not be made, except with written
permission from this government bodies exercising legal
jurisdiction applicable only to the particular job for which
such permission was granted.

GENERAL PROVISIONS
a)
No electrical installation shall be undertaken
without the plans having been approved by the
Secretary or his authorized representative. No service
or power supply shall be connected to any electrical
installation by any utility company supplying electricity
or by any person until the necessary final inspection is
conducted and a safety certificate/permit issued by the
Regional Labor Office or authorized representative
having jurisdiction over the case.

b) The

following are excluded in the coverage of this

Rule;

1. electric

generating plants with franchises which

are under the jurisdiction of the Board of Power
and Waterworks
2. electric generating plants and electrical
installations in radio and television station which
are under the jurisdiction of the Department of
Public Works, Transportation and Communications
3. electrical installation for conveyances used in
connection with water transportation which are
under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs.

c)

The exemptions under 3 (a) and (b) are only for

the design and construction, the electrical
installation may be inspected by the Regional Labor
Office or authorized representative, if such poses
danger to the safety and health of the workers
therein.

d)

The practice of electrical engineering as required

under this Rule shall be subjected to the provisions
of the Philippine Electrical Engineering Law, R.A. 184.

APPLICATIONS AND PLANS

Application for electrical installation shall be filed by

the owner/manager to the Secretary or his authorized

representative having jurisdiction accompanied by
plans, designs and/or specifications in triplicate
prepared under the responsible charge of, signed and
sealed by a registered professional electrical engineer
duly licensed to practice in the Philippines. The
approved plans shall serve as the installation permit
and construction may be started.

 Application

for the electrical installation for household

lighting utilizing energy involving installation of twenty
(20) outlets or less, or for the power or heat utilizing
electrical energy not exceeding four (4) kilowatts need
not be accompanied by plans. However, a layout sketch of
the proposed installation shall be submitted with a list of
materials and devices to be used and a signed statement
to the effect that it shall conform with the rules and
regulations of this Standards.

After construction, a certificate of final inspection shall be

secured from the office having jurisdiction, which shall

serve as a service connection, safety permit and to use
the installation for one year counted from the date of final
inspection.

 Application

for a certificate of electrical inspection shall

be filed by the owner, manager or his authorized
representative with the Regional Labor Office or
authorized representative having jurisdiction at least
thirty (30) days before the expiration date of the safety
permit.

II. ELECTRICAL SAFETY

INSPECTIONS

108

GARCES, JOSHUA KIM D.

ELECTRICAL INSPECTION
The safety engineers of the Regional Labor Office shall
conduct annual safety inspection.

All

Regional Labor Offices shall adopt and maintain an

effective records control.

The purpose of an electrical safety inspection is to

identify potentially hazardous electrical situations.

PERMIT TO USE INSTALLATION

A certificate to use the installation shall be issued subject
to the following:

Work

shall be performed under the supervision of a duly

authorized electrical engineer or a master electrician.

All

work shall conform with the approved plans and the

provisions of this standards.

All materials used in the installation shall be of the

approved type.

 The

certificate shall be valid for a period of one year

counted from the date of final inspection and renewable
annually thereafter if inspection show it is safe to use.

certificate shall continue to be valid even beyond the

expiration date if an application for renewal was
submitted and filed at least thirty (30) days before the
expiration date.

TEMPORARY INSTALLATION
CERTIFICATE
It may be issued for:

Building construction or other civil engineering work.

Pending

completion of permanent installation and

temporary installation for amusements.

It shall be issued when

Clearance by the enforcing authority of the electrical plans.

Submission of sketch of the proposed installation to the
Regional Labor Office.

Showing a layout of the wiring installation, location and a

signed statement that the installation shall conform with the
Standards.

All materials used shall be of the approved type.

ADDITIONAL LOADS
Fees

shall be charged only for the additional load when

inspection is conducted to an existing installation within
a covered year.

Permit

for additional loads inspected within the covered

year shall have for their expiration date the date of the
original electrical installation.

The

original installation shall be re-inspected on the

same date of the following year.

III. REQUIREMENTS IN THE

PREPARATION OF ELECTRICAL
PLANS

108

GARCES, JOSHUA KIM D.

Before electrical wiring installation is done, the owner or

his authorized representative shall file:

The

required application for electrical wiring installation in

triplicate.

Three (3) copies of each sheet of plans in white print.

The following shall be incorporated in the plans:

Location Plans
Electrical Layout
Outdoor sub-station
Indoor Sub-station

IV. DANGEROUS EFFECTS OF

DIRECT
EXPOSURE
TO
ELECTRICITY

110

LAGRADILLA, CHRISTIAN ANGELO R.

EFFECTS
Dangers of Electricity include a variety of hazards
that include Electric Shock, Psychological Damage,
Physical Burns, Neurological Damage and Ventricular
fibrillation resulting in death.

 Electricity

at any voltage can be dangerous and should

always be approached with caution. An electric shock
can occur upon contact of a human or animal body with
any source of voltage high enough to cause sufficient
current flow through the muscles or nerves.

The minimum current a human can feel is thought to be

about 1 milliampere (mA). As little as 80 milliampere,

can seize the heart muscle. The current may cause
tissue damage or heart fibrillation if it is sufficiently
high. A fatal electric shock is referred to as
electrocution.

PSYCHOLOGICAL
The perception of electric shock can be different
depending on the voltage, duration, current, path
taken, frequency, etc. Current entering the hand has a
threshold of perception of about 5 to 10 mA
(milliampere) for DC and about 1 to 10 mA for AC at 60
Hz. Shock perception declines with increasing
frequency, ultimately disappearing at frequencies
above 15-20 kHz.

BURNS
Dangers of Electricity include physical burns. Highvoltage (> 500 to 1000 V) shocks tend to cause
internal burns due to the large energy (which is
proportional to the duration multiplied by the square of
the voltage) available from the source. Damage due to
current is through tissue heating. In some cases 16
volts might be fatal to a human being when the
electricity passes through organs such as the heart.

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
A low-voltage (110 to 220 V), 50 or 60-Hz AC current
travelling through the chest for a fraction of a second
may induce ventricular fibrillation at currents as low as
60mA. With DC, 300 to 500 mA is required. If the
current has a direct pathway to the heart (e.g., via a
cardiac catheter or other kind of electrode), a much
lower current of less than 1 mA, (AC or DC) can cause
fibrillation. Fibrillations are usually lethal because all
the heart muscle cells move independently. Above
200mA, muscle contractions are so strong that the
heart muscles cannot move at all.

NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS
Other

Dangers of Electricity cause interference with

nervous control, especially over the heart and lungs.
Repeated or severe electric shock which does not
lead to death has been shown to cause neuropathy.

When the current path is through the head, it appears

that, with sufficient current, loss of consciousness

almost always occurs swiftly.

ARC FLASH
Arc flash and arc blast will always be present on the job,
but proper awareness,

training and the development of arc flash safety personal

protection strategies can minimize the likelihood of injury
and fatality.

The leading standard governing the calculation and

determination of explosive hazard is the NFPA 70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace. This electrical safety
standard covers the full range of electrical safety issues
from work practices to maintenance, special equipment
requirements, and installation. In fact, OSHA in the United
States already bases its electrical safety mandates on the
comprehensive information in this important Standard.

MOST COMMON ELECTRIC

VIOLATION
A

typical plant has many violations that can be cured

by better housekeeping procedures. When an area is
cleaned-up, a sloppy electrical installation tends to
jump out at you. Although the fines that can
develop are often costly, the problems themselves
usually take little time to abate.

Water

or oil on floor around electrical machinery.

Wipe it up and fix the leak.

Exposed

wiring must be labelled as to where it goes

and how much power. Replace covers on junction
boxes and electrical enclosures.

 Unlocked door and lack of warning sign. The service

entrance door must be locked and labelled to protect

unauthorized personnel. Clearly mark each piece of
electrical equipment as to its use.

Empty sockets should be permanently removed if they

are not used for lighting. If they are used for lighting a
bulb should be inserted.

Ungrounded electrical tools must have a third-wire

ground. Make sure your grounding plugs havent been

deliberately sawed or broken off the convenience. If
miss the third prong, replace the plug.

 Extension

cords must be removed from under doors,

across aisles, or wherever movement of materials can
damage the cord. Replace with permanent writing or
cord set designed for aisle use.

Loose

connections should be tightened. This insures a

low resistance impedance which facilities the operation
of overcurrent devices. Check connections with an
ohmmeter and make connections wrench tight.

 Worn

or frayed cables anywhere in plant should be

replaced.

Live

metal lamp guards or live cases for lamps should

be repaired at once. Defect is in the insulation, broken
plug, or shorted receptacle.

Unlabeled 220 volts outlet can be mistaken for a normal

110 volts unit. Identify them so no confusion will ever
exist.

 Bridged fuses must be cleared.

Portable,

hand-held lamps must be of molded

composition-not the old paper-lined or brass-shell
compositions. Dont use the old units.

Attachment

plugs must be constructed for rough use

and equipped with a cord grip that does not put strain
on the terminal screw.

V. ELECTRONIC SAFETY

204

PINTUCAN, JERKIN M.

ELECTRONICS ARE USED IN THE

FOLLOWING FIELDS:

DATA COMMUNICATION
SATELLITES
AUTOMOBILE ELECTRONICS
MEDICAL DEVICES

 As defined in the American National Standards Institute,

ANSI C39.3, Safety Requirements for Electrical and
Electronic Measuring and Controlling Instrumentation,

- a shock hazard shall be considered to exist at any part

involving a potential in excess of 30 V rms (root mean
square) or 42.4 V dc or peak, and where a leakage current
from that part to ground exceeds 0.5 mA when measured
with an appropriate measuring instrument, as defined in
Section 11.6.1 of ANSI C39.5.

ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
WARNING SYMBOL Operation manual or safety hazard.

SIMPSON MODEL 260 SERIES 7 VOLT-OHM MILLIMETER

- is

an instrument designed to prevent accidental shock to the

operator when properly used. The operating manual must be
read carefully and completely before making any
measurements.

A6901 Ground Isolation Monitor

- it connects between mains power and test equipment without
connecting protective ground, in order to safely allow referencing
measurements to a low voltage instead of ground, or break
ground loops. It monitors the floating equipment ground voltage.
If the voltage exceeds 40 V peak, or ground current exceeds a
selectable limit of 0.5, 3.5 or 5 mA, the A6901 disconnects mains
power and grounds the test equipment.

ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
SAFETY

Acts for electrical equipment to stop if there is a fault

in the process.

Safety

equipment such as Ground Floor Circuit

Interrupter which will stop electric current when the
output flows in an unintended places.

These

equipment like circuit breakers which allow

chosen paths to be used in an intended time.

This

greatly helps in medical field to prevent over

use of machines that will cause accidents.

MEDICAL SAFETY
Article 517 of the National Electric Code
- standard used in health care facilities, it was originally written
and has been subsequently revised with medical care facilities, not
health care facilities, in mind. Note that this describes medical
care facilities, but health care facilities may also come under
Article 517.

Article 700 of the National Electrical Code

Essentially, emergency systems are lifelines for people, and Art.
700 is all about keeping those lifelines from breaking. The Article's
main goal is to keep the emergency operation as reliable as
possible. One way to do that is to use inherently safe actuation
devices, such as valves that fail safe to a predetermined position
upon loss of power. Another is to limit what qualifies as an
emergency load, so the emergency system powers only what is
needed to save human life.

 Article 701 of the National Electrical Code

prevent shutting down specific loads, the loss of which would create
hazards or impede rescue operations. Hospital communications
systems, for example, fall under Art. 701 because evacuation
instructions announced over the public address system are part of a
rescue operation. Article 701 governs the installation, operation, and
maintenance of such systems.

Article 760 of the National Electrical Code

Article 760 covers the installation of wiring and equipment for fire
alarm systems, including circuits controlled and powered by the fire
alarm system. These include fire detection and alarm notification,
guards tour, sprinkler water flow, and sprinkler supervisory systems.
NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code provides other fire alarm system
requirements.

MOST
COMMON
HAZARDS
WITH
EQUIPMENT

ELECTRICAL
MEDICAL

Careless use of electronic instruments.

Malfunction within an electronic instrument, that

places the metallic case at a high electrical potential.

Incorrect wiring of electric outlets. This places the

suffer instrument at an underlined potential.

 Instrument

case not properly grounded because the

ground system is faulted. A broken wire, a loose
connection, or accidental interruption of the system
occurs.

The

wiring is shorted in an isolated transformer. This

creates an underlined ground current.

Leakage

currents exists in the instrument components

and on the metallic.

Grounder

loops occur between one or more instruments

connected to patient.

ELECTRIC SHOCK THRESHOLD

Effects

on the human body determined by intensity,

path and duration of the current.

Injuries resulting in respiratory failure.

Pathway of the current is important.
Skin resistance is high in most situations
principal defense against shock current.

and offers

ELECTRICAL SAFETY RULES IN A

MEDICAL FACILITY
Used only three-prong cord plug
Always inspect line cord for any defects.
Immediately disconnect electrical equipment

when
theres a fire. If in doubt notify ASAP emergency o
technical personnel. NEC. Section 76B

Dont

use an adapter, two prong appliance plug, and

extension cords.

Dont pull a plug by yanking the cord.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY RULES IN A

MEDICAL FACILITY
Dont use water for extinguishing an electrical fire.
Inspect the power cord and plug before every use.
Dont use equipment on which liquids have been spilled.
Dont rest equipment in wet locations.

Dont

stack things on or behind electrical equipment,

which might interfere with proper ventilation of the
device.

BASED ON NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODE:

General Checklist of Hospital Safety Hazards

All

personnel and all patients should avoid, whenever

possible, touching exposed metal or conductive surfaces
with one hand while touching another person or another
piece of equipment with the other. This simple safety
precaution would eliminate a very large proportion of all
electrically related accidents.

All

equipment should be moved with the greatest of care.

Leads and cords should be attached firmly to the equipment
prior to moving it.

Always

put power switch in OFF position when plugging

mobile equipment into wall receptacle. Also, always have
power switch in OFF position before making any connections
to a patient. Also, remove patient connections FIRST, before
unplugging equipment.

 Hold the line-cord-plug FIRMLY when plugging or unplugging

equipment. Do not pull on line cord.

Always turn on the equipment prior to connecting the

equipment to the patient.

Know the function of each control on electrical equipment

before using or adjusting the equipment.

All personnel associated with the use of life-support monitors

and equipment should know where the circuit breakers are

located and be familiar with the action required in a situation
of temporary overload.

Accidental patient ground should be avoided during

electrosurgical procedures.

FOUR OPTIONS FOR PREVENTIVE

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE
In-house direct staffing - A full-time house medical equipment
repairman or biomedical engineering technician and or
electrical engineer is employed for the maintenance, repair,
and/ or safety inspection of all medical devices.

Independent service contractor - Maintain specific on regular

basis.

Shared service programs - Share capabilities with another

institutions, thus keeping the cost at minimum.

Manufacturers service contract - A comprehensive

maintenance policy should include both in-house and

contracted services.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY ANALYZER

- is used as a test
instrument equipment to
ensure
that
medical
equipment is safe for
patients and operators.

FOUR BASIC STEPS IN TREATING

ELECTRICAL INCIDENT VICTIMS

Shut off all power, and remove the victim from the path of the
electric current. If the power cant be turned off, pull him away
from the path of current, using clothing or some other insulator.

Check for ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. If you detect

either, begin external cardiac massage at once.

Observe the patient for apnea, which may result from paralysis of
respirator muscles or from a head injury.

Check for other injuries. If the victim has fallen or been thrown,
he may have fractures. Look for burns at current entry and exit
sites, usually on exposed skin surfaces. If current enters the
upper part of the body, it usually exits from the lower part.

VI. KEYS
SAFETY

TO

ELECTRICAL

210

VILLACORTA, KRISTOFER JOHN A.

1ST KEY TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY

ELECTRICAL SAFETY REGULATIONS
AND STANDARDS
Occupational Safety Health Administration
To protect every workingman against the dangers of

injury, sickness or death through safe and healthful

working conditions, thereby assuring the conservation
of valuable manpower resources and the prevention of
loss or damage to lives and properties, consistent with
national development goals.
This Standards shall apply to all places of employment
except as otherwise provided in this Standard.

RULE 1210 ELECTRICAL

1211 : Philippine Electrical Code:
SAFETY
The

Philippine Electrical Code is hereby adopted and the

standards contained therein shall be considered safety
standards to the extent that they safeguard any person
employed in any workplace and control the practice of
electrical engineering.

1212 : Electrical Safety Inspection:

1212.01 : Definition:
(1) Installation as used in

this Rule shall mean

assemblage of electrical equipment in a given location,
designed for coordinated operation, properly erected and
wired.
(2) Approved shall mean acceptable to the Bureau after
test and examination show compliance with standards.

 1212.02 : General Provisions:

(1) No electrical installation shall be undertaken without

the plans having been approved by the Secretary or his

authorized representative.
(2) No service or power supply shall be connected to
any electrical installation by any utility company
supplying electricity or by any person until the
necessary final inspection is conducted and a safety
certificate/permit issued by the Regional Labor Office or
authorized representative having jurisdiction over the
case.

According to ESEA, Electrical accidents are caused

by a combination of any of these three factors:

Unsafe equipment and/or installation.

Workplaces made unsafe by the environment
Unsafe work practices.

2ND KEY TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
SHOCK
Electric shock occurs when
the human body becomes
part of the path through
which current flows.
The direct result can be
electrocution.
The indirect result can be
injury resulting from a fall or
movement into machinery.

BURNS
Burns

can result when a person touches electrical

wiring or equipment that is energized.
An electrical burn may appear minor or not show on
the skin at all but the damage can extend deep into
the tissues beneath your skin.

ELECTRICAL BURNS : FIRST AID

Look First. DO NOT TOUCH!
The person may still be in contact with the electrical
source.

Turn Off the Source of Electricity.

Check for sign of Circulation
Breathing, coughing or movement.

 Prevent Shock.
Lay the person down with the head slightly lower than
the trunk and the legs elevated.

Cover the affected areas.

If breathing, cover any burned areas with a sterile gauze
bandage or clean cloth. Dont use blankets or towels.

ARC-BLAST
Arc-blasts occur from high- amperage currents arcing through

the air. This can be caused by accidental contact with

energized components or equipment failure.
Note: Arc flash is the extremely high-temperature
discharge produced by an electrical fault in air. Arc
blast is a high-pressure sound wave caused by a
sudden arc fault.

EXPLOSIONS
Explosions occur when electricity provides a source of
ignition for an explosive mixture in the atmosphere.

FIRES
Electricity is one of the most common causes of fires
both in the home and in the workplace. Defective or
misused electrical equipment is a major cause.

EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY

Depends on:

Current and Voltage

Resistance
Path through body
Duration of shock

3RD KEY TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY

WORK PROCEDURES, TOOLS, AND PPE

Work procedures and tools

Electrical work must be planned before it is executed.
All

work procedures should be reviewed, updated,

improved, and modified periodically as needed.

 For non-hazardous electrical workequipment in an

electrically safe work conditionthe plan is typically
unwritten but may be part of a general checklist and/or job
briefing.

For hazardous electrical workenergized or potentially

energized equipmenta written procedure is usually
required with documentation including a hazard/risk
analysis detailing shock approach boundaries, flash hazard
analysis, and a checklist of tasks.

4TH KEY TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY

SAFE BY DESIGN
Isolate the circuit.

Electrical systems must be designed to

support preventive maintenance, with
easy access to the equipment.

Designers need to make it easy to isolate

equipment for repair with a disconnecting

means
that
provides
for
proper
implementation of lockout procedures.

Install

disconnects with permanent

lockout provisions within sight of all
motors and driven machinery.

Cover exposed components.

Equipment

must be Finger-Safe where possible to

avoid potential contact with energized conductors. It is
not always possible to de-energize the equipment
before working on it. Specify electrical components
that are IP20 Finger-Safe.

Retrofit the fuses

If the electrical system is an existing fusible system,

upgrade the fuses to the most current-limiting fuse types.

This measure provides a greater degree of currentlimitation if an arc-flash incident occurs.

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! =)))

TO GOD BE THE GLORY!