TE 4103 SISTEM KOMUNIKASI BERGERAK

Modul 12 b. Standar WCDMA

Jurusan Teknik Elektro – STTTelkom

2005

1 Modul 12 b Standar WCDMA

2 Obyektif Pengajaran
 Memahami karakteritik khas sistem celullar
WCDMA
 Memahami arsitektur dasar WCDMA.
 Memahami evolusi sistem celular WCDMA

Modul 12 b Standar WCDMA

 3 Outline

 Introduction
 WCDMA – Brief Discussion of Physical Layer
– Uplink
– Downlink
 cdma2000 – Brief Discussion of Physical Layer
– Uplink
– Downlink
 cdma2000 versus WCDMA
 4G – Mobile Broadband Systems – Overview
 References

Modul 12 b Standar WCDMA

4 Evolution of Standards
world GSM GPRS EDGE

Japan PDC W-CDMA HSPDA

U.S. iDEN

U.S. IS-136

U.S./Asia IS-95A IS-95B cdma2000 1xEV-DV

1xEV-DO
2G 2.5G 3G

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10 What is Third Generation?
 Flexible support of multiple services (data rates from kbps to
Mbps; packet transmission)
– Voice
– Messaging – email, fax, etc.
– Medium-rate multimedia – Internet access, educational
– High-rate multimedia – file transfer, video
– High-rate interactive multimedia – video teleconferencing,
telemedicine, etc.
 Mobility: quasi-stationary to high-speed platforms
 Global roaming: ubiquitous, seamless coverage
 Evolution from second generation systems

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14 Integrasi Dengan 3G

PSTN PPDN 4
PPDN Server
Server
Single MSC/
+ BSS Supplier
GMSC GGSN 4th Supplier
1
GMSC GGSN - Service Framework
3
MSC
MSC SGSN
SGSN
3rd Supplier
‘A’ - GPRS Core
Gb
XCDR
XCDR XCDR Iu Network Ini jaringan
XCDR
3G dengan
kemampuan
yang
BSC
BSC BSC
BSC PCU
PCU RNC lengkap !!
RNC

5
BTS
BTS BTS
BTS NODE
NODE B
B NODE
NODE B
B
5th Supplier
2 - UMTS RAN
UMTS RAN
2 Supplier
nd

- BSS
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15 Node B

Uu

Physical Node
* Connected via Uu/Iub
* Support of 1/several cells
* FDD and/or TDD Mode
operation
Node B * ATM Termination (Iub)
* Data conversion for Uu
Iub transmision
* Inner Loop PC
* Measurement reports
* FDD : Micro Diversity
(Softer HO)

RNC

Gambar 2.7 Gambaran Node B

Modul 12 b Standar WCDMA
16 Radio Network Controller ( RNC )

UTRAN : TS 25.401
Uu
Uu Iub

Uu

D-RNC
* Orty RR
Allocation
Iub
RNC
S-RNC : Iur
* Combining/
Splicing RNC Function :
* Active Set Iub * Autonomous RRM Iu
* RR Allocation * ATM Switching &
RNC Multiplexing
Iu * Control Over RNS
* O&M Interface
Core Network CN

Gambar 2.7 Kegunaan RNC

Modul 12 b Standar WCDMA
17 WCDMA Versus cdma2000
Parameter W-CDMA cdma2000
Carrier spacing 5 MHz 3.75 MHz
Chip rate 3.84 Mcps 3.6864 Mcps
Data modulation BPSK FW – QPSK; RV - BPSK
Spreading Complex (OQPSK) Complex (OQPSK)
Power control frequency 1500 Hz 800 Hz
Variable data rate implement. Variable SF; multicode Repeti., puncturing, multicode
Frame duration 10 ms 20 ms
Coding Turbo and convolutional Turbo and convolutional
Base stations synchronized? Asynchronous Synchronous
Base station acquisition/detect 3 step; slot, frame, code Time shifted PN correlation
Forward link pilot TDM dedicated pilot CDM common pilot
Antenna beam forming TDM dedicated pilot Auxiliary pilot

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29 Channel Types in WCDMA
 Uplink
– Dedicated : DPCCH + 1 or – Common Pilot Channel
more DPDCHs – Primary Common Control
Physical Channel
– Random Access Channel
– Secondary Common Control
– Common Packet Channel Physical Channel
 Downlink – Random Access Channel for
– Dedicated Signaling Transmission
– Acquisition Indicator Channel
– Synchronization Channel
(SCH) – used by terminal
– Paging Indicator Channel
to find the cell
 Primary
 Secondary;

Modul 12 b Standar WCDMA

30 WCDMA Uplink Frame Structure

I: data channel N data  10  2k bits (k  0, , 6) DPDCH

Tslot  2560 chips

Q: sync & control Pilot: N pilot bits TFCI FBI TPC DPCCH
0.667 ms

slot 0 slot 1 slot i slot 14

radio frame = 10 ms
DPDCH = dedicated physical data channel Rate Examples:
DPCCH = dedicated physical control channel SF = 256; Chan. bit rate = 15 kbps (7.5 kbps)
TFCI = transmit format combination indicator SF = 128; Chan. bit rate = 30 kbps (15 kbps)
. . .
FBI = feedback information (used with DL transmission diversity)
SF = 4; Chan. bit rate = 960 kbps (480 kbps)
TPC = transmit power control (always present) SF = 4; Chan. bit rate = 5740 (6 codes)
1 DPCCH + ³1 DPDCH = 1 coded composite transport channel (CCTrCh)
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31 cdma2000 versus WCDMA

 cdma2000
– Backward compatible with cdmaOne
– Can evolve in steps – 1 RTT; then 3 RTT
– cdmaOne has only 12% market share world-wide
 WCDMA
– Physical layer is not backward compatible with GSM
– 2.5G is still a TDMA-based system
– GSM has 60+% market share world-wide

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32 Core & Radio Access Network UMTS

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33 Radio Spektrum UMTS

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34 Core Network Architecture UMTS

TE ... Terminal Equipment

MT ... Mobile Terminal
UTRAN ... Access Network
ERAN ... Edge Access Network
SGSN ... Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN ... Gateway GPRS Support Node
HSS ... Home Subscriber Server
CSCF ... Call State Control Function

R-SGW ... Roaming Signalling Gateway Function

MGCF ... Media Gateway Control Function
MGW ... Media Gateway Function
T-SGW ... Transport Signalling Gateway Function
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35 Arsitek Jaringan UMTS
GSM BSS
VL
TRAU
R
A PSTN
BTS Abis
Um ISDN
BSC MSC GMSC
TC
BTS
Gb OM VL HL Au External
Uu C R R C Network
UTRAN
Iu CS

NODE B Iub PDN

e.g. internet,
RNC Iu PS Gn Gi intranet, X-25
UE
(USIM) SGSN GGSN
Iur
USIM & SIM for NODE B
GSM, UMTS &
Iub Iu
UMTS/GSM
Terminals

NODE B RNC GSM Phase 2+ Core Network

Gambar 2.4 Arsitektur Jaringan UMTS

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36 Struktur Interface Protokol UMTS
Control Plane User Plane

Layer 3 -
Radio Resource U-Plane Radio Bearers
Control (RRC)

Signalling
radio bearers
Layer 2 - Packet
Control

Data Protocol
Convergence
Control (PDCP)
Control

Layer 2 -
Broadcast /
Multicast
Control Control (BMC)
Control

Layer 2 - Radio Link Control (RLC)

Logical Channels

Layer 2 - Medium Access Control (MAC)

Transport Channels

Layer 1 - Physical

Gambar 2.8 Struktur Protokol Antar Muka Udara UMTS

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37 Radio Network Architecture UMTS

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38 Capacity-Mobility Aspects of 3G/4G

BSM = Broadband satellite multimedia

Mobility GSM = European 2G system
LMDS = Local multipoint distribution systems
MBS = Mobile broadband systems
Bro WCDMA = European 3G system
a dba
W

nd
CD

Rad
i o
M
A

GSM
MBS

LMDS
BSM

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Capacity (Mb/s)
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39
4G – Mobile Broadband Systems
 A variety of technology standards able to provide
transmission rates beyond 3G (2 Mb/s)
 Advantages
– Provides access to services and applications requiring these
higher transmission rates
– Extends capacity in zones where 3G is close to saturation
 Microwave and millimeter wave bands to be used mean
smaller cell size (a few to 1000 meters); 5 GHz band will
be first used with migration to higher carrier frequencies
 Coverage not continuous, necessitating mobile units to
roam between different bands and standards

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40 A Comparison of WCDMA and MBS
Parameter WCDMA MBS
Service area National coverage Localized and high traffic density
service areas

Services Voice, video, and moderate- Voice, video, and high-demand

demand data applications data applications

User data rate Up to 2 Mb/s (slow motion or Up to 150 Mb/s (impact of mobile
stationary) speed not yet known)

Connections Point-to-point & point-to- Point-to-point & point-to-

multipoint; asym. capabilities multipoint; asym. capabilities

Supporting networks Public (mobile and fixed), Public (mobile and fixed),
satellites, and private networks satellites, and private networks

Terminals Hand portable or vehicle Movable - hand or vehicle; single-

mounted, multimode, and & multimode; multiband
multiband

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41 A Comparison of WCDMA and MBS
Mobility Pedestrian and vehicles up to 500 Pedestrian and vehicles up to 250
km/h km/h

Cell coverage range Up to a few kilometers outdoor; Up to 1 km outdoor; 100 m for

indoor pico cells may also be used indoor environments

Link quality (BER) From 10-9 to 10-6 From 10-9 to 10-6

Transfer delay Less than 100 ms Less than 100 ms

Transmitted power Up to 33 dBm (2 W) Up to 33 dBm (2 W)

Frequency bands 1920-1980/2110-2170MHz (FDD) 5 and 17 GHz - indoor; 40 GHz -

1900-1920/2010-2025 MHz TDD outdoor MBS; 60 GHz - WLANs

Transport technology ATM based IP based

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42 Channel Characteristics and Impacts
Characteristic Impact on Mobile Broadband Communications
High frequency bands Higher path losses limiting cell range for same radiated power
Multipath Delay spread = ISI; small scale fading; mitigate with diversity,
equalization, coding, multicarrier modulation, directive antennas, etc.
Shadowing Due to obstacles; multiple BS visibility and fast handover may
reduce
MT omni antennas Allow MT movement freedom; vulnerability to multipath and interf.
Space diversity Combats small-scale fading; req’d complex RF front end = expense
recept.
PA nonlinearity & eff. Use modulation schemes that allow NL ampl. Increases efficiency
Modulation scheme Directly related to spectral efficiency; constant envelope desireable
Single carrier modul. Requires equalizer; operate with saturated PAs if modul. compatible
Multicarrier modul. Requires large processing power for FFT; requires linear PA
Chan. coding & interl. Fixed BW implies reduced bit rate; can be adaptive
ARQ mechanism Reduces BER at expense of increased system end-to-end delay
MT motion Induced Doppler shift impacts system performance

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