Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Energy Budgets
Dr. Ir. Happy Nursyam
Energy Budgets
Intake ( I = Income)
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates
Fats/Oils
Proteins
Micronutrients
Vitamins
Essential
Fatty Acids
Amino Acids
Sugars
IF
I=E
I<E
I>E
Reproduction
Growth = 0
Growth =
Growth = +
Ingestion
Storage
Mobilization
Lipid
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate
Protein
Growth
Adsorption
Renal
Stomach
Intestinal
Excretion
Reproduction
Bioenergetics Models
Basic Bioenergetics Equation
Consumption = Growth Respiration Waste or C = G R W
Expanded Equation
Consumption = Growth Standard Metabolism Activity Digestion Feces Urine
Or C = G RS RA RD F U
Winberg Equation
G 2 RS
Consumption = ------------------------1 (RD + F = U)
Production Based Model
Production (Over Specified Interval) = Growth (Over Interval) X Mean Biomass
(Over Interval Or P = G . B)
P
Applied to Cohorts Becomes
CTOT = ------G/C
Bioenergetics (Continued)
Bioenergetics
T0
Vmax
2
S0
i
S'0
T0
1
V
T1
1
V max
slope =
1
Km
1 / S0
V=Velocityofthereaction
S=Substrateconcentration
=Initialvelocityatstartofreaction
S0i =Initialsubstrateconcentrationatstartofreaction
V max
Energetics (Continued)
Proteins and Amino Acids
Fish have higher protein requirements than terrestrial
vertebrates (20 55% vs. 12 25%)
Carnivores High up to 60% of diet
Herbivores
Can digestion protein
But depending on experimental conditions growth vs. %
protein in diet will vary
Limiting factor is essential amino acids
Constraints on Growth
Food Quality
Digestible vs. Indigestible
Ratio
Availability of Digestible
Food Quantity
Prey Availability
Herbivore Compensation
Microbial Digestion to Produce VFAs
Increasing Protein
Invertebrates
Algae
Macrophytes
Detritus