MATERIAL

PROPERTIE
S

Members of group

JUAN HONORI CHURA

JHON PILCOMAMANI CAXI
ANGEL QUISPE JIMENEZ
ALFREDO MAMANI PERCA

OVER WIELL
This property is most commonly used
materials when the materials are
exposed to a force of traction and
compression, we see also knowledge
of the properties of the materials
used is of fundamental importance in
engineering. The imperfect knowledge
of the possibilities and limitations of
materials can change significantly, but
did not return to the original His way
is the elasticity.

A. Tensile
strength and
deformation

TENSILE STRENGTH AND

DEFORMATION
When materials are exposed to forces, such as
tension (stretching forces ) and compression
(crushing forces ), they deform- that is, they
change shape.
The type of deformation depends on the type of
force that is applied.

Compressio
n
A body is subjected to compression if the applied
forces tend to crush it.

Extensin or elongation

This is called extension or elongation.

B.- Elasticity
and
plasticity
B. - ELASTICIDAD Y PLASTICIDAD

ELASTICITY

Rubber is an example of a
very elastic material- it
can be
ELASTICALLY
DEFORMED
It is a considerable
degree.
FRACTURES
(breaks, due to tension)
very easily. Glass is an
example
of
a
brittle
material.

If a material has very low

elasticity,
and
is
strong,
engineers say it is stiff.

PLASTICITY

A material that can be

plastically deformed by
hammering or rolling.

MALLEABLE

A material that can be

drawn out (stretched).

C. STAGES IN ELASTIC AND

PLASTIC DEFORMATION

PROPORTIONAL

to the increase in tension

LIMIT OF
PROPORTIONALITY

ELASTIC LIMIT

For example, when tension increases by

10%, length increases by 10%.
Beyond this point, length
begins to increase at a
slightly greater rate than
tension.

Beyond this point, the bar

will no longer return to its
original length.

YIELD POINT

Once it yields, it continues to

increase in length, even without a
further Increase in tension.
ULTIMATE TENSILE
STRENGTH (UTS)
Beyond this
waist
(a
section)

point, a
narrower

FRACTURE POINT

where the bar breaks in

two.

VOCABULARY
1. compression

compresin

2. tension

tension

3. deform

deformar , deformable

4. extension

5. tensile strength

extensin
:

resistencia a la traccin

VOCABULARY
1. compression

2. tension

3. deform

4. extension

5. tensile strength

LETS PRACTICE
PART A:
18.1 Complete the sentences using the words in the box. You
will need to use one word twice. Look at A opposite to help you.

compression - deformation - elongation - extension - tensin

1 A stretching force is called _______Tension.

2 A crushing force is called _______Compression.
3 Extension is also called _______Elongation.
4 Tension causes ___Elongation or Extension
5 Tension or compression cause .___Deformation__ .

LETS PRACTICE
PART A:
18.1 Complete the sentences using the words in the box. You
will need to use one word twice. Look at A opposite to help you.

compression - deformation - elongation - extension - tensin

1 A stretching force is called ......... .............. .

2 A crushing force is called .................. .
3 Extension is also called ..... ................ .
4 Tension causes ................... or .........................
5 Tension or compression cause ................................ .

VOCABULARY
1. Elasticity

Elasticidad

2. Elastic

Elstica

3. Brittle

Frgil

4. Fracturas

Fracturas

5. Plastic

Plstico

6. Plasticity

Plasticidad

7. Plastically deformed :
8. Malleable

Deformada plsticamente

Maleable

VOCABULARY
1. Elasticity

2. Elastic

3. Brittle

4. Fracturas

5. Plastic

6. Plasticity

7. Plastically deformed :
8. Malleable

LETS PRACTICE
PART B:
1 8.2 Match the two parts to make correct sentences. Look at B
and C opposite to help you.
1 If a material is stiff.(C)
2 If a material is brittle.(B)
3 If a material is plastic(A)
4 If a material yields.(F)
5 If a material fractures...(E)
6 If a material is elastically deformed.(D)

a.- it is malleable and/or ductile.

b.- it has low elasticity and low tensile strength.
c.- it has low elasticity and high tensile strength.
d.- it has been extended to a point before its elastic limit.
e.- it has been loaded beyond its ultimate tensile strength.
f.- it has been significantly plastically deformed, but not broken.

LETS PRACTICE
PART B:
1 8.2 Match the two parts to make correct sentences. Look at B
and C opposite to help you.
1 If a material is stiff
2 If a material is brittle
3 If a material is plastic
4 If a material yields
5 If a material fractures
6 If a material is elastically deformed

a.- it is malleable and/or ductile.

b.- it has low elasticity and low tensile strength.
c.- it has low elasticity and high tensile strength.
d.- it has been extended to a point before its elastic limit.
e.- it has been loaded beyond its ultimate tensile strength.
f.- it has been significantly plastically deformed, but not broken.

VOCABULARY
1. Proportional
2. Limit

: Proporcional
: Lmite

3. Proportionality

: Proporcionalidad

4. Elastic limit

: Lmite elstico

5. Yield point

: Lmite de elasticidad

6. Ultimate tensile strength

7. Fracture point

: Resistencia a la traccin

: Punto de fractura

VOCABULARY
1. Proportional
2. Limit

:
:

3. Proportionality

4. Elastic limit

5. Yield point

6. Ultimate tensile strength

7. Fracture point

LETS PRACTICE PART

C:

18.3 Complete the magazine article about springs using words

from A, B and C opposite.

How are the springs used in car suspension made springy? It sounds like a
silly question, but think about it for a moment. In order for a spring to
compress or extend, then return to its original shape, it must be (1)
.......ELASTIC.................. .

But springs are made from wire, and wire is made from very (2)
...........DUCTILE.............. metal (often cold drawn carbon steel). When the
wire is manufactured, it is not only stretched beyond its (3) ........ELASTIC
LIMIT....... - meaning it will no longer return to its original length- but also
beyond its
(4) .................YIELD POINT......... , where significant, irreversible
(5) ......EXTENSION................ occurs.

The metal from which springs are made has therefore been (6)
............PLASTICALLY......... deformed and, consequently, needs to have its
springiness put back.

To do this, once a spring has been formed into a coil, it is tempered- a

process in which it is heated and kept at a high temperature for a
sustained period. This 'resets' the atomic structure of the metal (partly, at
least), so that after tempering, the spring will behave as it should - it can

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