Engines

and
Propeller

Turbine
Engine
PanAm International Flight Academy, Inc. 2001

Garrett TPE-331
dash 10 for the 3100
dash 12 for the 3200

Single shaft comprising

2 centrifugal compressors
reverse annular burn
3 stage axial turbines

Reduction Gear
converts engine RPM to Prop RPM
drives accessory section
starter
oil pumps
hydraulic pumps
fuel pumps

Constant Speed Prop

pitch of blades
varies to provide
thrust
RPM remains
constant

Engine is high RPM with low Torque (41,730 RPM)

gearbox converts this to

Propeller with low RPM and High Torque (1,591 RPM)

engine puts out about 4000 HP

reduction gears consume about 3000 HP
leaving about 1000 HP for the Prop
940 HP for the 3100
1020 HP for the 3200

Measurements
Torque
primary instrument for setting power

RPM
measured at gearbox, so both engine and
propeller RPM
dual gauge for precision
primary instrument for determining if
engine running or not

EGT
temperature is the enemy, so we monitor

Sections

Two 180s and

ignited

Air Flow
Energy turns the turbines
Another 180 turn

Compressed again
Compressed

Airflow station numbers

Station 1 - ambient
Station 2 - inlet pressure and temperature

 P2 probe - pressure at station 2

sometimes a P2/T2 probe - pressure and temperature

 Station 3
Compressor outlet
Point of highest pressure - tap off air for air conditioning, anti-ice etc.
P3 air

 Station 4 - Turbine Inlet

Critical temperature area
Point of highest speed and energy

Engine Temperature Measurement

TIT - measured at the Turbine Inlet
ITT - measured between Turbine stages
EGT - measured at the Exhaust pipe

 Station 5 - Exhaust area

Exhaust Gas Temp area
some engines also measure pressure at
this point and compare to P2 = EPR

Engine Cooling
Zone cooling inlets and outlets
Exhaust pipe cooling is a special case

Hot Exhaust Gases

Fuel Tank

Scarf Nozzles
cup in exhaust stream to force air circulation around exhaust
pipe

Looking up tailpipe
Scarf nozzles
EGT probes

Obviously, scarf nozzles introducing cool air have to be downstream

from the EGT probes

Oil System
lubrication of the gearbox
cooling

Oil Reservoir
engine left side
available to pilot through
access panel

Note the Unfeather Pump

will discuss later, but
note for now that it
takes oil directly from
the reservoir.

Reservoir

Access to oil reservoir

 Oil Temperature

Oil temperature Indication

Same gauge as Oil Pressure
Downstream of reservoir, prior to
engine driven pressure pump

Oil temperature Limitations

minimum for take off = 55
maximum <88% torque = 127
10 minute limit above 110

maximum >88% torque = 110

 Pressure Pump
engine driven
70-120 psi

 Oil Filter
Oil Filter Bypass

Oil Filter Bypass Pin

 Relief Valve
120 psi
return to system

 Oil Pressure Indication

Oil Cap Light
Essential DC

Gauge
Main DC

OIL annunciator
less than 50 psi

Oil Pressure
Minimum
ground idle = 40 psi
70 psi below 23,000 feet
50 psi above 23,000 feet

Oil Lubricates and Cools

rear turbine bearing
gearcase

Magnetic Chip Detection

attracts metal grinding off gears in gearbox

Oil Contamination light on Captain Skirt Panel

Oil Contamination
3-position switch
LEFT (left engine)
OFF
RIGHT (right engine)
Annunciator light

Oil Contamination normally checked:

before start during set-up
after engine start
after landing
Captains discretion

Two Scavenge Pumps

engine driven pumps
greater capacity than pressure pump, thus sucks oil through
gearcase

Plus One More Smaller Scavenge Pump

also engine driven pump
scavenge oil from rear bearing and puts it into main gearcase

Fuel / Oil Heat Exchanger

automatic
based on temp of
fuel

Oil Cooler
Cools oil prior to return to reservoir
Relief / bypass valve - automatic

Oil Cooler is basically a radiator

Airflow over radiator is controlled by opening or closing a

door at the exit point

Oil Cooler Flaps

3-position switch
OPEN
OPEN AUTO SHUT
SHUT

Oil Cooler Flaps Indicator light

Engine Instrument Panel
Illuminated when flap is not closed
max airspeed
160 kts for 3200
150 kts for 3100

Oil Separator
keeps fluid separates oil and air preventing
cavitation

Oil Vent Valve

introduces air to scavenge and pressure pumps to reduce oil viscosity
easier to turn
therefore, engine
easier to start

Oil Vent Valve

OPENS automatically at starter engagement
CLOSES at 60% RPM

Questions on the OIL system ?

Questions on the Engine ?