Urbanlifecyclemanagement:

systemarchitectureappliedtothe
conceptionandmonitoringofsmart
cities
Prof. Claude Rochet
Claude.rochet@univ-amu.fr
IMPGT AMU CERGAM
Shanghai, October 25, 2014

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Claude Rochet

China urban strategic objectives

Complex System Architecture:
What are the key functions and their
(un) desirable interactions?

Efficient urbanization
Inclusive urbanization
Sustainable
urbanization

System Integration: What are the

key functions and their (un) desirable
interactions?

Ecosystem modeling: Autopoiesis,

resilience, scalability, innovation
coordination

Lets set up some definitions:

Emergence:
Many properties of a system do not
exist as a basic function or a physical
state, but are the result of the
interactions of these functions: eg.
ageing well, happy life is the result
of both physical and human systems.

Architecture, system
architecture
The design of how basic functions
interact to give birth to a whole
that is more than the sum of
the parts

Resilience:
The property of a system to
withstand a shock and to
recover with stronger ability

Ecosystem:
A system with autopoeitic properties,
that means being able to reproduce
itself

Entropy, negentropy
Interactions within the system make it
losing its energy and increasing disorder
(entropy), life (human life in the case of a
city) may import energy (negative
entropy or negentropy)

Green IT and IT for green

IT is both a solution to coordination

problems that may help saving energy
(eg. Smart grids) but fabrication of IT
produce a lot of pollutants and its
functioning produce a lot of heat and
waste that need to be recycled.

Claude Rochet
11/09/2014

Smart= presence of a
learning feedback loop
ICT amplifying effect

Action

Decision

Effect

Sensors

feedback
from 0,0001sec. to a gnration

Social sciences
Usage

Data
Interpretation

Treatment

Technologies
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Our basic assumptions

A smart city is not putting lipstick on a bulldog

A smart city is an ecosystem that includes the city and its periphery
A smart city is a city where one may live and work in:
o

Economic wealth creation

Social life

Common weal

What is our shared vision?

A resilient architecture:
o

A living system based on cooperation between public authorities, private corp., citizens

A properly designed architecture made with off-the-shelf components

Systemic resilience is leveraged using IT

A sea change in firms business models and public administration.

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Claude Rochet

Is modeling a smart city possible?

A dead end: The temptation of the ideal

city : XX century garden cities, technopushed approaches Masdar, Songdo

A city is a living system

What modelling means?

The Lego game:

The construction is based on

standardised building blocks

No two figures are alike

Building is made using patterns:
rules of integration using semantic
+ syntax

The final result in an integration

of all the building blocks which is
specific to needs and specifications

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:

A three steps approach

Strategic analysis
Inventorying the building blocks
Integrating the ecosystem

Claude Rochet
11/09/2014

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:

1- Strategic analysis

Conception,
metamodel
framework,
steering

Subsystems
and processes

People and
tools

Why designing this ecosystem?

Who will live in the city?
What are its activities?
How the city will be fed?
Where the city is located ? (context)
Why building a city & what
are the strategic goals? Who
are the stakeholders?
What are the generic
functions to be performed
by a smart city?
With which organs? With which smart
Technical devices, people?
software

With which organs and

ressources?
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What are the functions to be performed to

reach the goals and how do they interact?

How people will interact with the

artifacts?
How civic life will organize?

A rationale for a smart city a system

architect:
2- Inventorying the building blocks
Issues
Defining
smartness and
sustainability
Wealth creation
Finance and taxes
Controlling
pollution
Equilibrium center
periphery
Migrations
Poverty
Education
Health
Crime
Segregation (social
and spatial)
Leisure
Quality of life
How people interact
with people and
artifacts?
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Resources

Functions
Work
Budgeting
Transportatio
n
Feeding
Caring
Protecting
Securing
Housing
policy
Education
Leisure
Social
benefits
Health care
system
Migrations
control

Energy
Water
Data
Digital Systems
Traditions
Sociology
Technologies as
enablers and
enacters
Culture and
traditions
Institutions and
public
organizations
Process modeling
Software
Tech providers
Open innovation

Claude Rochet

Capabilities
The New Business
Models:
Public
Private
Project management
Institutional
arrangements
The day to day decision
making process in an
evolutionary perspective
Empowerment
Direct democracy
Government
Governance
Project management
Social innovation
The state as a system
engineer
Mastering ULM
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A rationale for a smart city a system architect:

stem 3- Integration of the building blocks

Urban ecosy

SMART city

Territory

Commercial
exchanges

Periphery

Food

City

Health care

Civic life

Leisure

Education

Social integration

Institutional
scaffolding

Social life

Economy

Public services

Hard domains
Government

Soft domains

Claude Rochet

Housing

Work

Industry

Transportation

Sanitation

Waste recycling

Water

Energy

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A tool to design and monitor the ecosystem:

ULM (Urban Lifecycle Management )
Maturity of ecosystemic properties

Socio political cycle

City 2.0

Sustainable City
1.0

City 1.0

Gathering data and

understanding
ecosystem evolution

Project
management
Financial
governance

Functional integration

From history, social

intelligence, idea, to
framework

Losing ecosystemic properties

Integrating
innovation

Evaluating,
correcting and
upgrading

Technical
integration

Designing the
engineering ecosystem

Innovation
cycle
Risk of collapse

Integrating off-theshelves innovation

Development
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Permanent
improvement

Claude Rochet

Unlike a product or a
company, a city never
dies, even if not
sustainable (except in a
case of collapse)

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Some critical points: Data

Legacy: How the city has evolved in
the past
Hard data: statistics
Soft data: human memory
=> understanding the technological
trajectory and social capital
Present and future: Understanding
how the city is evolving
Observatory for hard and soft data
Big data
=> Evaluating the scalability and
resilience, improving social capital

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Some critical points: Monitoring

evolution and innovation
Innovation within building blocks has different speeds
With smart networks innovation cycles are connected:
(before, no): a permanent challenge

The city dweller is the decider in last resort of the

impact of any innovation on the city life: Good/Bad,
useful/unusual, improve/kill

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Some critical points: Improving social capital,

bottom-up vs. top-down

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The research and training program

Integrating and upgrading to smart cities issues the basics of

complex systems architecture as a basic bagage for SC stake
holders

Learning by doing: Applied research to the building of pilot

projects

Convergence of disciplines: engineering, social sciences, urban

sociology, system architecture, political philosophy, complex decision
making

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Integration of disciplines
Complex systems
engineering

Levels of complexity

City

Extended P.A

Political philosophy
Common good as an
emergence and
structuring finality

Complex
system
modeling

Polycentric
Govce
Functions

Citizens

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Interaction
and synergies

Social
networks and
interactions

Overlaps and
interactions

Ends and means of

wealth creation

Civic implication

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Merci!

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