Fail your PhD with confidence!

Martin Greenhow
http://www.brunel.ac.uk/~mastmmg/ssguide/sshome.htm
http://mcgraw-hill.co.uk/openup/studyskills/post.htm
Health Warning: Your supervisor will not write
your PhD for you! YOU OWN IT.

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

7 ways of failing
Not wanting a PhD
Overestimating whats needed never getting started
(frozen)
Underestimating whats needed never getting
started
Having a crap supervisor (not really an excuse!)
Having a good supervisor, but thinking he/she is crap
Not having a (testable) thesis
Taking a job before completion (not always fatal)
Dept of Mathematical Sciences,
Brunel University

7 more ways of failing

Getting disheartened
Getting sidetracked (teaching/other interests)
Changing topic/supervisor
Not looking after yourself (friends, sport, interests)
Under-valuing your worth
Under-valuing the worth of your research
Guilt (no its an investment in yourself)
Others ?
Dept of Mathematical Sciences,
Brunel University

You should by end year 1:

have a good idea about what your project will involve. Sounds obvious,
doesnt it?!
have read the backgound, some review/original papers in the same area and
related textbooks (not just Google!).
have attended courses
have started to make notes from these sources; keep this focussed and dont
copy out sections from books, download chunks from the Web or CDs - this is
plagiarism! You will synthesise these notes into a narrative later.
have written down exact references as you find them.
have started a week-by-week log book.
have completed a model problem and written it up.
have been appraised!
given a presentation to other PhD students/staff.

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

You should by start year 2:

have a good understanding of the theory and methods to be used.
have read most of the background material and made notes/references.
Tackled YOUR main problem
have made a start on any programming involved. It is not possible to write a decent
program without completely understanding what you want/need to do, so ask your
supervisor if anything is not clear. Then draw a flow chart or write pseudo code
to specify how the program will work before getting bogged down in language
syntax. Back-up all programs and check them using TEST CASES.
have considered writing drafts as you go along to aid your thinking; in mathematics
this technique is perhaps less useful, but you must keep very detailed notes and
back them up with photocopies or notes on your PC (AND Brunel network).
have seen your supervisor at least ? times.

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

Log book and Plans

Log Book

Make sure your log book is up to date and

include failures as well as successes
include how long it took you to do each item
write down ALL ideas you have as you work (they will be
useful for your Recommendations).

Regular Plan

Prepare a regular plans and ask your supervisor for comments,

especially on your plans & REALISTIC timings for further
work
Dept of Mathematical Sciences,
Brunel University

Year 2 Giving a talk/conference

paper
Think about (interim) conclusions and how
you will communicate your results in
graphs, charts, flow charts, spray diagrams,
trees etc.
Prepare and practice your presentation,
asking friends to time each OHP slide.
Read the advice in the Study Skills Guide
yes really do this!
Dept of Mathematical Sciences,
Brunel University

You should by middle of year 3:

have finished all the actual project content.
have structured the main sections and typed them
up. This will take longer than you think!
have acted on your supervisors comments on
your draft chapters.
have produced all the graphs and diagrams.
Have career plans de-stresses you/one less
thing to think about
Dept of Mathematical Sciences,
Brunel University

You should near the end:

swap drafts with friends for comment. If your friends cant
understand what you have done in broad terms, its YOUR
fault.
write the abstract, introduction, conclusions and
recommendations sections. Give these to your supervisor for
comment in good time.
finalise any appendices, references and program discs.
act on your supervisors comments.
put all sections together, check spelling and grammar,
include headers, footers and page numbers.

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

The thesis itself

Your thesis should be a narrative text with a
coherent story line which flows logically from
one section to the next in a coherent manner.
See the REQUIREMENTS GUIDE; maximum length?

No padding - youll loose your thrust/reader.

The thesis itself - general points.

The object of your thesis is to communicate, not
impress or blind with science!
Help your reader as much as possible.
Use ordinary plain English, free of jargon and slang.
Use diagrams, charts etc as much as possible.
Stick to conventional and consistent nomenclature.
Dept of Mathematical Sciences,
Brunel University

The thesis itself - the start.

Title page - see the Requirements Guide.
Acknowledgements - keep it formal!
Table of contents (STRUCTURE).
List of figures.
Nomenclature, Definitions and Non-dimensionalisation.
Abstract of about 2-4 sides. The abstract is an important
guide to the reader and must describe the main area of the
work and your main results. Usually written last.
Dept of Mathematical Sciences,
Brunel University

The thesis itself - the Introduction.

What the project is about.
A map of the work undertaken.
Why your work is interesting/important.
Possible applications.
A review of previous work.
A clear statement of how you have extended the
previous work.
The introduction is usually written at the end of the project.

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

The thesis itself - the Method.

This can be very technical, so help your reader navigate through the work
by:
clearly stating your assumptions.
stressing what is most important. Move some material to appendices.
using logical paragraph, section & chapter breaks.
using diagrams, charts, flow charts.
using equations with all terms defined; consider reminding the reader of
earlier definitions.
Think strategy, not detail.
The method section is often written early and goes through a few drafts as the
work progresses and the supervisor comments on it.

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

The thesis itself - the Results.

This can be very technical, so help your reader as before.
When presenting results you should:
state any limitations on the generality of your results.
state the accuracy of your results.
describe the sensitivity of your results to changes in assumptions and parameter
values.
Reconsider the model assumptions and refine them if possible (a modeling
cycle).
Explain your results; if you cant/wont do this, how do you expect the reader to be
able to?
The results section is often written early and goes through a few drafts as the work
progresses and the supervisor comments on it.

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

The thesis itself - the Conclusion.

This must not contain new ideas NOT
AFTERTHOUGHTS!
This must contain only statements which are supported by
your work and follow naturally and logically from it.
Draw some conclusions, probably taking several pages of
text; if you cant/wont do this, why do you expect the reader to do it for you?
Conclusions MUST be defensible (in a court of law) on
the basis of ONLY what you have presented no
unsupported conclusions.
NB The conclusion is worth a lot of attention !

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

The thesis itself - the Recommendations.

This should contain many of the ideas which will have occurred to you as
you worked, and which were written down in your log book werent
they?
This must contain ideas for future work. Imagine yourself starting a similar
project what would you want to read? Be as specific as possible about:
new applications of the present theories/techniques.
application in areas with similar mathematical/programming structures.
Extensions which avoid the limitations/weaknesses of your work. Be
honest - this is a sign that you know what you are doing and will be
rewarded rather that penalised!
NB The Recommendations are worth a lot of attention !

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

The thesis itself - the Appendices.

Program listings - on a disc to help future students.
Data printouts - again on disc.
List of software used.
Logbook?
Instructions for reading data and/or running any programs
on the disc. Remember that the External Examiner may well
want to do this, so be specific and include everything that is
needed unless this infringes copyright laws.
Proofs and material which underpins, but is not part of, the
main narrative.
Include material here which will help future PhD students.

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

The thesis itself - the References.

Books.

Greenhow M. (1982)My life as a dog Oxford Univ. Press 4 th ed.

Journals.

Greenhow M. (1937) The mathematics of guinea pig sexing J.

Math. Biol., 8, part 4, pp 1-59.

Electronic sources:
WWW - state exact URLs and date when accessed.
Graphics from web (or similar) needs to be referenced.
Remember: NO DOWNLOADING OF CHUNKS!
NB Read the Study Skills Guide see the examples on plagarism.

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

Why talk about all this?

Note that students often get referred because of
poor presentation and/or inadequate abstracts,
introductions, conclusions and, especially,
recommendations.
Students generally do not fail because of crap
content (assuming they have actually listened to
their supervisors!)

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

When you get stuck.

Can you define all your terms?
What are the dimensions of terms in your equations?
Can you non-dimensionalise your equations?
What are the important parameters?
Can you draw a flow chart for your program and check each part
separately?
Can you run simple test cases to compare your program results against
analytical results?
Write all variables to a file if your program gives unexpected results,
and check them carefully.

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

When you get stuck again!

Can you simplify your problem?
Can you exploit any symmetry in your problem?
Can you do sample calculations at e.g. x = 0, 1 etc?
Can you do any sort of asymptotic analysis as x
becomes small or big?
Can you plot your results in a different way?
Can you explain your problem to your supervisor or
another student? If you can, you are half way to
solving it!

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University

The Viva.
Enjoyable or not? All depends on you/your work, but
examiners are not out to get you!
Good luck!

Dept of Mathematical Sciences,

Brunel University