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Definition of Heat
Transfer
The transition process of thermal energy (joule) from
the hotter mass to the cooler mass.
Occur if it has different temperature between the
object temperature and the surrounding temperature
and will stop in equilibrium temperature (same
temperature)
Always occurs from the higher temperature into lower
temperature (based from the second law of
thermodynamics and Clausius statement)
Heat transfer between two different temperature’s
proximity object can never be stopped, it can only be
slowed.
2nd law of Thermodynamics
and Clausius Statement
In a system, a process that occurs will tend to
increase the total entropy of the universe (2nd
law of thermodynamics).
Example
The heat transfer travels from the soup into the
end of metal spoon
Conduction
The movement of energy in conduction will sense
by the increasing temperature because the
electrons move in the material.
Metals are good conductors.
Plastic and wood do not have loosely bound
electrons, so they are poor in conductor (isolator)
Air also poor in conduction transfer.
Conduction Example
Picture
Convection
The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of
molecules from one part of material to another.
The bulk motion of fluid increase the heat transfer between
solid surface and fluid.
Convection phenomenon occurs in fluids.
In conduction the electron move in solid material
In convection the electron collision each other
(called current)
The moving fluids current is called convection.
Convection Example
Heating a pot of water on a stove is a good example of
the transfer of heat by convection. When the stove is
first turned on heat is transferred first by conduction
between the element through the bottom of the pot to
the water. However, eventually the water starts
bubbling - these bubbles are actually local regions of
hot water rising to the surface, thereby transferring heat
from the hot water at the bottom to the cooler water at
the top by convection. At the same time, the cooler,
more dense water at the top will sink to the bottom,
where it is subsequently heated.
Illust rat ion of t he convect ion current
Consider now two regions separated by a barrier, one at a higher pressure relative to the other,
and subsequently remove the barrier, as in the following figure
When the barrier is removed, material in the high pressure (high density) area will flow to the
low pressure (low density) area. If the low pressure region was originally created by heating of
the material, one sees that movement of material in this way is an example of heat flow by
convection.
Another Example Picture of
Convection
The example
picture of
convection above
show that fluids
give impact to
surround area.
The wind carries the
heat of fluids to
another place and
also the opposite.
Radiation
The transfer of thermal
energy in empty space