The ABCs of Writing

Complex Sentence
Words are, of course, the most
powerful drug used by mankind.
Rudyard Kipling
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Lesson 1 The Art of Writing

Sentences
Lesson 2 Building Your Own
Complex Sentences
Lesson 3 Composing Paragraphs
Using Complex Sentences
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1. It is a kind of word used to name

a person, animal, thing, place or
quality.
a. Pronoun
b. noun
c. Verb
d. adjective
2. It is a kind of word used to take
the place of a noun.
a. Adjective
b. adverb
c. Pronoun
d. verb
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3. It is a kind of word that describes

a noun or a pronoun.
a. Adjective
b. conjunction
c. Noun
d. verb
4. It is a kind of word that suggests
action, experience, occurrence or
state.
a. Adverb
b. verb
c. Adjective
d. conjunction
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5. It is a kind of word which

describes or adds to the meaning of
a verb, an adjective or another
adverb.
a. Pronoun
b. conjunction
c. Adverb d. adjective
6. It is a kind of word used to
connect other words.
a. Conjunction
b. noun
c. Adjective
d. pronoun
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7. It is a group of words that

expresses a complete thought.
a. Phrase b. sentence
c. Clause
d. paragraph
8. It is a kind of sentence made up
of only one independent clause.
a. Simple b. compound
c. Complex d. basic
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9.It is a kind of sentence made up of

two independent clauses joined by a
conjunction.
a. Simple b. compound
c. Complex d. basic
10. It is a kind of sentence made up
of one independent clause and one or
more dependent clauses joined by a
conjunction.
a. Simple
b. compound
c. Complex d. basic
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11. Which of the following

sentences is a complex sentence?
a. I am at peace with myself.
b. I do not like wars.
c. Wars are very costly for they
cause much
damage to lives and properties.
d. After the war, many properties
were destroyed.
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12. Which of the following statements

about complex sentences is true?
a. A complex sentence makes clear
which ideas are most important.
b. A complex sentence has only one
independent clause.
c. A complex sentence contains two or
more independent clauses.
d. A complex sentence does not make
use of conjunctions.
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Identify what kinds of words the

following are. Write N for noun, P for
pronoun, Adj for adjective, V for verb
and Adv for adverb in the blank before
each number.
_____ 1. peace _____ 2. quiet
_____ 3. tomorrow _____ 4. we
_____ 5. shoot _____ 6. gun
_____ 7. disorderly _____ 8. here
_____ 9. they
_____10. run
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 A noun is a word used to name a

person, animal, thing, place or quality
(Judy, dog, bag, etc.).
A pronoun is a word used in place of a
noun to avoid being repetitive or
redundant in a sentence (he, she, it,
etc.).
An adjective is a word that describes
a noun or pronoun
(beautiful, peaceful, orderly, etc.).
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 A verb is a word that suggests action,

experience, occurrence or
state (walk, run, is, etc.).
An adverb is a word which describes
or adds to the meaning of
a verb, an adjective or another adverb
(tomorrow, here,
always, etc.).
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Look at the words below. Then identify

what part of speech each word is.
1. mathematics_______________
2. our _____________________
3. beautiful ____________________
4. run ________________________
5. today _______________________
6. Brenda _______________________
7. them ________________________
8. white_______________________
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Lets Learn
Sentences are made up of words that have
different uses (nouns, pronouns, verbs,
etc.). Together, these words express a
complete
thought. This group of words usually
begins with a capital letter.
Example:
The EDSA Revolution was very peaceful.
(The first word in every sentence always
begins with a capital letter.)
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Sentences can end with a period (.), a

question mark (?) or an exclamation
point (!).
Examples:
The EDSA Revolution was very peaceful.
Were you present during the rally?
Wow, that was really something!
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A basic sentence tells what or who is

doing something. It has a subject and a
predicate.
The subject is what or whom the
sentence is about. It may either be a
noun or a pronoun.
Example:
The EDSA Revolution was very peaceful.
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A basic sentence tells what or who is

doing something. It has a subject and a
predicate.
The subject is what or whom the
sentence is about. It may either be a
noun or a pronoun.
Example:
The EDSA Revolution was very peaceful.
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The subject is what or whom the

sentence is about. It may either be a
noun or a pronoun.
Example:
The EDSA Revolution was very peaceful.
In the sentence above, the subject is
EDSA Revolution because it is what the
sentence is about.
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The EDSA Revolution was very peaceful.

The predicate, on the other hand, tells
something about the subject.
It is usually a verb. In the given example,
the predicate is was very peaceful. It
tells you something about the subject.

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Identify and underline the subject in

each of the following sentences.
1. I am at peace with myself.
2. I do not fight with any of my
brothers and sisters.
3. I do not like having enemies.
4. Our community is very quiet.
5. The People Power Revolution
occurred in 1986.
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Lets Remember
To determine the subject of a
sentence, single out the verb first.
Then, make a question by placing
who or what before it
the answer is the subject.
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Example:
Our community is very quiet.
The complete subject here is Our
community while the simple subject
is just community.
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A compound subject, on the other

hand, is a simple subject made up of
more than one noun or pronoun.
Example: The United Nations and
other international organizations
work together for world peace.
The nouns that make up the compound
subject here are United Nations and
international organizations.
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Lets Try This

Identify and underline the predicate
in each of the following sentences.
1. Thousands of people were present
during the EDSA Revolution.
2. Unity and cooperation are needed
to achieve peace.
3. Wars destroy lives and properties.
4. Peace is hard to achieve.
5. I am at peace with everyone.
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Lets Remember
Like the subject, the predicate
can also be either simple or
compound. A simple predicate is the
verb that tells what the
subject is doing.
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Example: Wars destroy lives.

The complete predicate here is
destroy lives while the simple
predicate is just the verb destroy.

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A compound predicate, on the other

hand, has more than one verb that
tells what the same subject is doing.
Example:
Wars disturb and even destroy
peoples lives.
The verbs that make up the
compound predicate here are
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Lets Review
Read the following sentences.
Underline the subject once and the
predicate twice in each sentence.
Then, identify whether the subject
and predicate are simple or
compound. Write SS for simple
subject or CS for compound subject;
SP for simple predicate or CP for
compound predicate in the blank
before each number.
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_____ 1. The EDSA Revolution is the most

peaceful revolution.
_____ 2. Unity and cooperation are
needed to attain peace.
_____ 3. We must all work and do our
share in making our communities
peaceful.
_____ 4. Peace of mind is achieved when
you are at peace with everyone.
_____ 5. Family members should love and
care for each other.
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Lets Remember
The words used to connect compound subjects
and predicates in sentences are called
conjunctions.
Examples:
Unity and cooperation are needed to attain
peace.
The conjunction and connects the words
unity and cooperation. These are parts of
the compound subject.
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Family members should love and

care for each other.
The conjunction and connects the
words love and care for that are
parts of the compound predicate.
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Aside from and, there are other

conjunctions that you can use.
These include but, or, nor, for, so,
yet, after, although, as, because,
before, how, if, once, since, than,
that, though, till, until, when,
where, whether, while, both . . .
and, either . . . or, neither . . . nor,
not only . . . but also, so . . . as,
and
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The following are examples of

compound subjects and predicates.
Identify the conjunction used in each
1. love and peace
2. disrupt and destroy
3. not only people but also their
properties
4. whether in time of peace or war
5. neither Marcos nor his cronies
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Lets Learn
Just like subjects and predicates, there
are also different kinds of sentences.
Sentences can be simple, compound or
complex. A simple sentence is a
sentence which has only one independent
clause. An independent clause is a group
of words which work together and
contains at least a subject and a verb. It
can stand alone or be understood as is.
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Example: I do not like wars.

The subject here is I while the
predicate is do not like wars.
Example: My parents attended the rally
at EDSA in 1986.
The independent clause here is My
parents attended the rally. Its subject is
My parents and the predicate is
attended the rally at EDSA in 1986.
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Underline the independent clause in each

simple sentence. Then identify the subject
and predicate of the clause.
1. I was only seven years old when the EDSA
Revolution occurred.
2. World peace is very hard to achieve.
3. Wars can cause people a lot of grief.
4. Were you able to watch the movie In Love
and War?
5. History tells us about the effects of war.
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Lets Learn
Now that you have learned about simple
sentences, you are ready to
find out what a compound sentence is.
A compound sentence is one which
contains two or more independent
clauses. These independent clauses can
be joined by conjunctions such as and,
but, so, for, or, nor and yet.
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Wars are very costly for they cause

much damage to lives and
properties.
This sentence is made up of two
independent clauses, namely:
Wars are very costly and they
cause much damage to lives and
properties.
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These two clauses are joined by the

conjunction for but both can stand
alone. These clauses can be
understood on their own. For
example, Wars are very costly is
already a complete sentence and so
is They cause much damage to lives
and properties.
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Wars do not bring any good to anyone

yet people still engage in
them.
In this example, the independent
clauses are: Wars do not bring any
good to anyone and people still
engage in
them. Each of these clauses can
stand alone.
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A complex sentence has one

independent clause and one or more
dependent clauses. A dependent clause
is a clause which cannot stand alone. It
needs to be connected to an independent
clause to be understood. It is often
introduced by conjunctions such as after,
although, as, because, before, how, if,
once, since, than, that, though, till,
until, when, where, whether and while.
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After the war, many properties were

destroyed.
The independent clause here is many
properties were destroyed. It can stand
alone and be understood as is. After the
war, on the other hand, cannot stand
alone. It is the dependent clause in this
sentence introduced by the conjunction
after.
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If we are to achieve world peace, we

should learn to accept one another.
The independent clause here is we
should learn to accept one another,
while the dependent clause is
if we are to achieve world peace.

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Underline the independent clause

and encircle the dependent clause in
each complex sentence.
1. Democracy was restored in the
country after the EDSA Revolution.
2. As time goes by, people get closer
and closer to achieving world peace.
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3. Once a person is at peace with

himself, he will be able to live in
peace with everyone.
4. Before I can be at peace with
others, I have to be at peace with
myself first.
5. Where there is love, there is
peace.
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Lets Remember
A simple sentence has only one
independent clause.
A compound sentence, on the
other hand, contains two or more
independent clauses.
A complex sentence has one
independent clause and one or
more dependent clauses.
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Lets Remember
A simple sentence has only one
independent clause.
A compound sentence, on the
other hand, contains two or more
independent clauses.
A complex sentence has one
independent clause and one or
more dependent clauses.
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Tell whether the sentences below are simple,

compound or complex. Write S for simple, Cd for
compound and Cx for complex in the blanks before
the numbers.
_____ 1. Peace is not something you wish for.
_____ 2. Let there be peace on earth and let it begin
with me.
_____ 3. Peace comes from within oneself.
_____ 4. If you are at peace with yourself, you will
find it easy to be at peace with other people.
_____ 5. Peace should be shared with everyone.
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