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CS575: Advanced LANs
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ATM Adaptation L
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applications and different types of traffic, such as voice, video, imagery, and
data
Its basic function is the enhanced adaptation of services provided by the
ATM layer to the requirements of the higher layer
It maps higher layer PDUs into the information field of the ATM cell
AAL is divided into the Convergence Sublayer (CS) and the Segmentation
and Reassembly (SAR) Sublayer
The Convergence Sublayer is service dependent and provides the AAL
services at the AAL-SAP
The functions of the SAR sublayer are segmentation of higher layer PDUs
into a suitable size for the information field of the ATM cell (48 octets) at the
transmitting end and reassembly of the information fields into higher layer
PDUs at the receiving end
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CS575
ATM Adaptation L
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Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
0 AAL protocols
- AAL 1
- AAL 2
- AAL 3/4
- AAL 5
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AAL Services
Service
Class A
Timing
between
Source and
Destination
Bit Rate
AAL
TYPE
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Class C
Related
Constan
t
Connection
Mode
Examples
of
Services
Class B
Not Related
Variable
Connection Oriented
Circuit
Emulatio
n
Constant
Bit
Rate
Video
and Audio
AAL 1
Class D
Connectionl
ess
ConnectionVariable
Connectionle
Bit
Rate Video oriented
ss
Date
Data
and Audio
Transfer
Transfer
AAL 2
AAL
3/4
AAL 5
ATM Adaptation L
AAL3/4
AAL 5
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requirements for delay, delay jitter, and timing, e.g., PCM voice, CBR
video, and emulation of T-carrier circuits (DS1, DS3)
0 Receives constant bit rate stream with a well defined clock from source and
delivers the same to the destination
0 Provides for timing recovery (using SRTS), synchronization, and indication
of lost information not recovered by AAL1
0 Summary of AAL 1 functions
- Segmentation and reassembly of user information
- Handling of cell delay variation
- Handling of cell payload assembly delay
- Handling lost and misinserted cells
- Recovery of sending clock frequency at receiver
- Checking and handling AAL PCI (header) error
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4 bits
SN
4 bits
SNP
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47 Octets
SAR-PDU Payload
ATM Adaptation L
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3 bits
Convergence Sublayer
Indication (CSI)
3 bit
Cyclic Redundancy Check
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1 bit
Even Parity
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CS-PDU P Forma t
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services (PCS)
0 ATM backbone connectivity to packet telephone
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PBX-to-PBX Connectivity
PBX
PCM Voice
PBX
PCM Voice
Compression
Silence Suppression
Packetization
Compression
Silence Suppression
Packetization
AAL
ATM
PHY
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ATM Network
ATM Adaptation L
AAL
ATM
PHY
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channels
0 Each AAL2 channel is a bi-directional virtual channel, with the
same channel identifier value for both directions
0 AAL2 channels are established over an ATM layer PVC, SPVC, or
SVC
0 Provides basic structure for identifying the users of the AAL
0 Assembling/disassembling the variable payload associated with each
individual user
0 Error detection and correction
0 Multiplexing multiple AAL channels (merging multiple streams of
CPS packets) onto a single ATM connection
0 Provides QoS through the choice of AAL-SAP for data transfer
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AAL 2 Structure
AAL-SAP
Service Specific
Convergence
Sublayer (SSCS)
SSCS-PDU Header
(if present)
SSCS-PDU Payload
SSCS-PDU Trailer
(if present)
SSCS-PDU
Packet Payload
(PP)
Packet Header
(PH)
Packet
Common Part
Sublayer (CPS)
Start Field
(STF)
CPS-PDU Payload
CPS-PDU
ATM-SAP
ATM Layer
Cell Header
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Cell Payload
ATM Adaptation L
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UUI HEC
5
5
bits
bits
Packet Header (PH)
Information
1 to 45/64 octets
LI
6 bits
Packet
0 Channel Identification (CID): Uniquely identifies the individual user channel (LLC)
within the AAL2, and allows up to 248 (8 - 255) individual users within each AAL2
structure.
0 Length Indicator (LI): Identifies the length of the LLC packet associated with each
SSCS that satisfies the higher layer application. Different SSCS protocols may be
defined to support specific AAL2 user services, or groups of services. The SSCS may
also be null.
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OSF
6 bits
SN
P
1 bit 1 bit
Start Field
CPS Information
PAD
0 to 47 octets
CPS-PDU Payload
CPS -PDU
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between source and destination, e.g., X.25, frame relay, and TCP/IP
data
Supports Class C (connection-oriented) and Class D (connectionless)
traffic
Convergence sublayer divided into two parts:
- Common Part Convergence Sublayer (CPCS)
- Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (SSCS)
SSCS layer may provide assured or non-assured services, or may be
null
- Assured service provides retransmission of missing or corrupted
SSCS-PDUs and flow control is mandatory
- AAL-SDUs may be lost or corrupted for non-assured service
and flow control is optional
CPCS provides message mode or streaming mode services
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CPI
0-3
Btag BASize
CPCS-PDU Payload
PAD
AL
Etag Length
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4 bits
10 bits
ST
SN
MID
352 bits
SAR-PDU Payload
6 bits
LI
10 bits
CRC-10
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functions of AAL3/4
0 The CPCS-PDU payload length can be up to 65,535 octets and must use PAD
(0 to 47 octets) to align CPCS-PDU length to a multiple of 48 octets
PAD Padding
CPCS-UU
CPI
Length
CRC-32
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PA D
CPCS
UU
CPI
ATM Adaptation L
Length CRC-32
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CPCS-SDU
CPCS-PDU
CPCS-PDU Payload
PAD
SAR-PDU
Payload
SAR-PDU
Payload
SAR-PDU
Payload
SARPDU
SARPDU
SARPDU
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SAR-PDU
Payload
SARPDU
ATM Adaptation L
CPCS-PDU
Trailer
SAR-PDU
Payload
SARPDU
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References
W. Stalling, Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, 6th edition,
Prentice Hall, 2000, Chapter 11
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