CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
(CET-461) HYDRAULICS
(4th Semester)

Hydro-dynamically Smooth
and Rough Boundaries
University Institute of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
General Definition
If k is the Average Height of irregularity
projecting from the surface of a boundary as
Shown in Figure then
1. If k is large for a boundary then the
boundary is called as Rough boundary.
2. if the value of k is small then the
boundary is known as Smooth
boundary.
University Institute of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
Figure

(Smooth and rough Boundaries)

Source: Slideshare

University Institute of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY

On basis of Flow And Fluid

Characteristics

Hydronamically smooth pipe :

The height of roughness of pipe is less than thickness of

laminar sublayer of flowing fluid.
K <

Hydronamically rough pipe :

The height of roughness of pipe is greater than the thickness
of laminar sublayer of flowing fluid.
K >
University Institute of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
From Nikuradses experiment

Criteria for roughness:

0.25

Hydrodynamically
smooth pipe

Hydrodynamically
rough pipe
Transition region
region in a pipe

0.25
6

In terms of Reynold number

1.

If Re 4

Smooth boundary

2.

If Re 100Rough boundary

3.

If 4 <Re <100 boundary is in transition stage

University Institute of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
Velocity Distribution for turbulent
flow

Velocity Distribution
in a Hydrodynamically
smooth pipe

Velocity Distribution
in a Hydrodynamically

v
v* y
5.55 5.75 log

10
V*

v
y
8.5 5.75 log

10
V*
k

Rough Pipes
University Institute of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
Velocity Distribution for turbulent
flow in terms of average Velocity (V)

Velocity Distribution
in a Hydrodynamically
smooth pipe

Velocity Distribution
in a Hydrodynamically

V
V *R
1.75 2.5 log

10
V*

V
R
4.75 5.75 log 10

V*

Rough Pipes
University Institute of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
FAQ(s)
1. How Would You Distinguish Between
Hydrodynamically Smooth and Rough
Boundaries?
2. What are the different Criteria For Defining
smoothness and roughness of a boundary.
3. Show that velocity distribution for turbulent
v
y
8.is
5 given
5.75 log
flow through pipe
by10
V*

4.University
Obtain
anofExpression
For
Distribution
Institute
Engineering
Civil Velocity
Engineering Department

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY
References
1. Dr. R.K. Bansal A textbook of FLUID
MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES
Laxmi Publications(P) ltd.
2. Prof. Jyotin kateshiya Presentation on Turbulent
Flows GIT (Mechanical Department).
3. NPTEL lectures.

University Institute of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY

Thank You
University Institute of Engineering

Civil Engineering Department