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2.1 ArahThe
Mata
Angin Of An Atom
5.1 Understanding
Nucleus
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
Nucleus
Protons
Electron
Neutrons
Proton Number
Nuclear number
Nuclide notation
Isotopes
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
Nukleus
Proton
Elektron
Neutron
Nombor proton
Nombor nukleon
Notasi nuklida
Isotop
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
Electron
Proton
neutron
nucleon
Mass/kg
Real mass
Value of
relative charge
Proton (p)
Positive
1.7 X 10-27
1.6 x 10-19
Neuron (n)
Neutral
1.7 X 10-27
Electron (e)
Negative
9 X 10-37
1
1840
-1.6 X 10-19
Particles
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
Elektron
Proton
neutron
nukleon
Cas
Jisim/kg
Jisim relatif
Proton (p)
Positif
1.7 X 10-27
1.6 x 10-19
Neuron (n)
Neutral
1.7 X 10-27
Elektron (e)
Negatif
9 X 10-37
1
1840
-1.6 X 10-19
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
Symbol : Z
Symbol : A
N = A-Z
The symbol
symbol of
of aa nucleus
nucleus of
of an
an atom
atom with
with aa number
number of
of protons
protons and
and neutrons
neutrons and
and
The
neutron is
is called
called aa nuclide
nuclide notation
notation and
and can
can represent
represent as
as below.
below.
neutron
Nucleon number
A
Element
Proton number
All atoms
atoms of
of the
the same
same element
element contain
contain the
the same
same number
number of
of proton
proton
All
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
Simbol : Z
Simbol : A
N = A-Z
Simbol suatu
suatu unsur
unsur dengan
dengan nombor
nombor proton
proton dan
dan nombor
nombor nukleon
nukleon dipanggil
dipanggil notasi
notasi
Simbol
nuklida dan
dan diwakili
diwakili oleh
oleh simbol
simbol seperti
seperti di
di bawah:
bawah:
nuklida
Nombor nukleon
A
Unsur
Nombor proton
Semua atom
atom bagi
bagi unsur
unsur yang
yang sama
sama mempunyai
mempunyai bilangan
bilangan proton
proton yang
yang sama.
sama.
Semua
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
Isotopes are atoms of the same element which have the same number of protons
but difference number of neutrons
Isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties because their
electrons are arranged in the same ways.
6p
6n
6p
7n
6 e-
6p
8n
6 e-
6 eCarbon - 12
Carbon - 13
Carbon - 14
3 isotopes of carbon have 6 e-, arrange in the same way in their orbits.
Isotopes which are not stable are call radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
Isotop adalah dua atau lebih atom unsur yang sama yang mempunyai nombor
proton yang sama tetapi nombor nukleon yang berbeza.
Isotop unsur yang sama mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama kerana elektronelektron disusun dalam cara yang sama.
6p
6n
6p
8n
6p
7n
6 e-
6 e-
6 eKarbon - 12
Karbon - 13
Karbon - 14
3 isotop karbon , setiap satu mempunyai 6 e-, disusun dalam cara yang sama
dalam orbit masing-masing.
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
Radioactive decay
Radioactive emission
- particles
- particles
- ray
Characteristic of Radioactive
emission
Radioactive decay equation
Half life
Decay curve
ITeach Physics Form 5
Radiation detectors
Photographic plate
Geiger-Muller Tube
Spark counter
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
Reputan radioaktif
Pancaran Radioaktif
Zarah-
Zarah-
Sinar
Plat fotografi
Tiub Geiger-Muller
Kebuk awan
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
A
Z
Happen spontaneous
alpha,
Unstable radioactive
material
A > 209
Z > 83
beta,
Emit at irregular
intervals and not at
the same rate
Random emission
A
Z
More
stable
material
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
A
Z
beta,
Dipancarkan
pada
selang tidak sekata dan
pada kadar berbeza.
Pancaran rawak
Tidak
dipengaruhi
oleh faktor fizikal
(suhu,
tekanan,
masa)
A
Z
Bahan
yang lebih
stabil
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
Beta particle,
Gamma ray,
Positive charged
helium nucleus, 4 He
Negative, charged
electron, e-
Neutral
electromagnet ray
In an electric field
Bend to negative
plate
Bend to positive
plate
In an magnetic
field
Slightly bend
Easily bend
Ionising power
Strongest
Weak
Very low
Penetrating power
Low
Medium
High
Range in air
A few centimetres
A few metres
A few hundred
metres
Speed
5% of speed of
light, c
High mass, helium
nucleus,42 He
3% - 99% of the
speed of light
Speed of light, c
Low mass
Characteristic
Nature
Mass
ITeach Physics Form 5
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
Zarah Alfa,
Zarah Beta,
Sinar Gamma,
Cas positif
Nukleushelium, 42He
Dalam medan
elektrik
ke Tidak
dipesongkan
Dalam medan
magnet
Dipesongkan sedikit
Mudah
dipesongkan
Tidak
dipesongkan
Kuasa pengionan
Paling tinggi
Sederhana
Paling rendah
Kuasa
penembusan
Paling rendah
Sederhana
Paling tinggi
Julat di udara
Beberapa
sentimeter
Beberapa meter
Beberapa ratus
meter
Laju
5% laju cahaya, c
Jisim
ITeach Fizik Tingkatan 5
Cas negatif
elektron, e-
Neutral, Sinar
elektromagnet
3% - 99% laju
Laju cahaya, c
cahaya
Jisim tinggi, nukleus
Sifar. Ia adalah
Jisim
rendah
helium, 42 He
sinar.
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
Parent
nuclide
Original nuclide
Alpha decay 4 He
2
Change in number of
protons and number of
neutrons
Beta decay 0 e
-1
Daughte
r nuclide
Nuclide of another
element
Gamma emission
is an electromagnet
wave
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
Nuklida
induk
Nuklida asal
Reputan alfa 4 He
2
Nuklida
anak
Pancaran gamma
ialah gelombang
elektromagnet
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
92U
238
90 Th
234
210
82
234
Pb
91Pa
234
230
92
90
210
210
83
Bi
84
Po
Th
206
82
Pb
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
92U
238
90 Th
234
210
82
234
Pb
91Pa
234
230
92
90
210
210
83
Bi
84
Po
Th
206
82
Pb
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
Geiger-Muller
Tube (GM Tube)
Diffussion
Chamber
Radioactive
Radioactive
Detector
Detector
Spark Counter
Gold Leaf
Electroscope
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
Plat Fotografi
Kebuk Awan
Alat Pengesan
Pengesan
Alat
Radioaktif
Radioaktif
Pembilang Bunga
Api
Elektroskop Daun
Emas
Chapter 5 Radioactivity
Example
Number of
atom = 100
After
15 days
Number of
atom = 50
Continue
ITeach Physics Form 5
Another
15 days
Number of
atom = 25
Bab 5 Keradioaktifan
Contoh
Bilangan
atom = 100
Selepas
15 hari
Bilangan
atom = 50
Bersambung
ITeach Fizik Tingkatan 5
Selepas
15 hari lagi
Bilangan
atom = 25
The End
i - Teach