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Wide-Band FM
Presented By
N.A.PAPPATHI
AP / ECE,
NPRCET.
Carrier
Resting fc
Increasing fc
Decreasing fc
Increasing fc
Resting fc
Modulating signal
FM
Phase Modulation
FM Equation
The FM signal expression is given by
cos( sin( 2f mt )) 1
sin( sin( 2f mt )) sin( 2f mt )
Thus for NBFM, the expression for FM signal
will be simplified to
can
Thenbe expanded as
since
1
sin A sin B cos A B cos A B
2
Wide-Band
Frequency
Modulation
WIDE-BAND
FREQUENCY
MODULATION
For arbitrary value of modulation index , the
below general FM equation is analyzed.
s(t ) Ac cos[2f ct sin(2f mt )]
s(t ) cn exp( j 2nf mt )
cn f m
f m Ac
1/ 2 f
1/ 2 f
1/ 2 f
1/ 2 f
Ac
cn
exp[ j ( sin x nx)]dx
2
Thus
cn Ac J n ( )
s(t ) Ac Re J n ( )exp[ j 2 ( f c nf m )t ]
s(t ) Ac Re J n ( )exp[ j 2 ( f c nf m )t ]
S( f )
J
(
(
f
nf
)
(
f
nf
)
n
c
m
c
m
Property - 2:
For small values of the modulation index
we have
J0 () 1
J1 () /2
J3 () 0 for n > 2
Property - 3:
2
J
(
n
n
Vs Jn()
Vs Jn()
AMPLITUDE SPECTRUM
Advantages
Wideband FM gives significant improvement in the SNR
at the output of the RX which proportional to the square
of modulation index.
Angle modulation is resistant to propagation-induced
selective fading since amplitude variations are
unimportant and are removed at the receiver using a
limiting circuit.
Angle modulation is very effective in rejecting
interference. (minimizes the effect of noise).
Angle modulation allows the use of more efficient
transmitter power in information.
Angle modulation is capable of handing a greater
dynamic range of modulating signal without distortion
than AM.
Disadvantages
Angle modulation requires a transmission
bandwidth much larger than the message
signal bandwidth.
Angle modulation requires more complex
and expensive circuits than AM.
n 2
2
1
P Ac J n ( )
2 n
Example:
Determine bandwidth with table of Bessel functions
Calculate the bandwidth occupied by a FM signal with
a modulation index of 2 and a highest modulating
frequency of 2.5 kHz.
B.W . 2 6 2.5
30kHz
1
BT 2f 2 f m 2f 1
Example:
Assuming a maximum frequency deviation of 5 kHz
and a maximum modulating frequency of 2.5 kHz, the
bandwidth would be
Thank You