Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Programming Systems
Jennifer Rexford
Introductions
Lectures
Preceptors
Assembly Language
Application Program
language
levels
tour
Machine Language
Operating System
service
levels
tour
Hardware
C is a lower-level language
C provides more opportunities to create abstractions
C has some flaws
Cs flaws motivate discussions of software engineering
principles
Power Programmer!!!
Precepts
Discussion forum
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School: Princeton University
Class: COS 217
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10
Resources: Books
Required book
Resources: Manuals
Manuals (for reference only, available online)
See also
12
Linux
GNU
Your
Pgm
fez
fedora
Lab TAs
13
Linux
Your PC/Mac/Linux
Computer
SSH
GNU
Your
Pgm
fez
fedora
14
Notes
Grading
Seven programming assignments (50%)
Working code
Clean, readable, maintainable code
On time (penalties for late submission)
Final assignment counts double (12.5%)
Exams (40%)
Midterm (15%)
Final (25%)
16
Programming Assignments
Programming assignments
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A de-comment program
A string module
A symbol table module
IA-32 assembly language programs
A buffer overrun attack
A heap manager module
A Unix shell
17
18
Policies
Study the course Policies web page!!!
Especially the assignment collaboration policies
Some highlights:
Course Schedule
Very generally
Weeks
Lectures
Precepts
1-2
Intro to C (conceptual)
3-6
Intro to Linux/GNU
Intro to C (mechanical)
Advanced C
Midterm Exam
Recess
8-13
Assembly Language
Pgmming Assignments
Reading Period
Final Exam
20
21
We will use
1960
BCPL
LISP
1970
1972
1978
1989
1999
K&R C
ANSI C89
ISO C90
ISO/ANSI C99
Smalltalk
C++
Java
22
23
Implications for C
24
25
27
28
Hello.java:
hello.c:
#include <stdio.h>
Building
% javac Hello.java
% ls
Hello.class
Hello.java
%
% gcc217 hello.c
% ls
a.out
hello.c
%
Running
% java Hello
Hello, world
%
% a.out
Hello, world
%
Overall
Program
Structure
int main(void) {
printf("Hello, world\n");
return 0;
}
29
char
Integral types
byte
short
int
long
//
//
//
//
Floating point
types
float
double
// 32 bits
// 64 bits
Logical type
boolean
// 16-bit unicode
8 bits
16 bits
32 bits
64 bits
C
char /* 8 bits */
(unsigned)
(unsigned)
(unsigned)
(unsigned)
char
short
int
long
float
double
long double
/* no equivalent */
/* use integral type */
void*
Constants
30
Arrays
int a[10];
float b[5][20];
Array bound
checking
// run-time check
/* no run-time check */
Pointer type
// Object reference is an
// implicit pointer
int *p;
Record type
class Mine {
int x;
float y;
}
struct Mine {
int x;
float y;
}
31
String s1 = "Hello";
String s2 = new
String("hello");
String
concatenation
Logical ops
s1 + s2
s1 += s2
#include <string.h>
strcat(s1, s2);
&&, ||, !
&&, ||, !
Relational ops
Strings
+, -, *, /, %, unary -
Bitwise ops
Assignment
ops
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if stmt
if (i < 0)
statement1;
else
statement2;
if (i < 0)
statement1;
else
statement2;
switch stmt
switch (i) {
case 1:
...
break;
case 2:
...
break;
default:
...
}
switch (i) {
case 1:
...
break;
case 2:
...
break;
default:
...
}
goto stmt
// no equivalent
goto SomeLabel;
33
for stmt
int i;
for (i=0; i<10; i++)
statement;
while stmt
while (i < 0)
statement;
while (i < 0)
statement;
do {
do-while stmt
statement;
} while (i < 0)
do {
statement;
continue stmt
continue;
continue;
labeled
continue stmt
continue SomeLabel;
/* no equivalent */
break stmt
break;
break;
labeled break
stmt
break SomeLabel;
/* no equivalent */
34
return 5;
return;
return 5;
return;
statement1;
statement2;
statement1;
statement2;
Exceptions
Comments
/* comment */
// another kind
Method /
function call
f(x, y, z);
someObject.f(x, y, z);
SomeClass.f(x, y, z);
/* comment */
f(x, y, z);
35
Example C Program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
const double KMETERS_PER_MILE = 1.609;
int main(void) {
int miles;
double kmeters;
printf("miles: ");
if (scanf("%d", &miles) != 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Expect a number.\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
kmeters = miles * KMETERS_PER_MILE;
printf("%d miles is %f kilometers.\n",
miles, kmeters);
return 0;
}
36
Conclusions
Getting started with C