Topic 10

tegration of Informatio
and Communication
Technology (ICT) in
Teaching and Learning
Week
14

Word Processor

10.3 Word Processing

Word processing refers to the use of computer
applications to build, manipulate, save, edit and print a
text document. A word processor is a computer
application for creating a document file, store it
electronically, display it on the computer screen, edit it
through instruction and characters from the keyboard
and print it using the printer. Word processing
applications also allow the user to insert a word or
paragraph in a document or to another document.
Word processing applications can support many of the
tasks associated with teaching and learning processes
that were once made by typewriter or by hand. These
applications provide the space and opportunity for
educators to integrate ICT in teaching and learning.

Examples of word processing applications include

Microsoft Word from Microsoft Corporation, Word
Perfect, Word Star, Chiwriter, Kingsoft Office Writer,
Atlantis Word Processor, while Macintosh-based is iWork
and open source applications are OpenOffice, AbiWord
and EZ Word.

Various Word Processing

Application

3.1 Features of Word Processing Application

Some common features of word processors are:

i.

Insert text - lets you insert text in a document.

ii. Delete text - allows you to delete the words, text,

line and
paragraph easily.
iii. Cut and paste - allows you remove words or
paragraphs from
one place and move them to another place.

iv. Copy - allows you to copy word, text or paragraph

if needed.

v.
Save allows a document to be saved and edited
again.

vi. Font - you can change the font type of your text
vii. Page size and margins allow you to set the page

ix. Word wrap - word processing application will

automatically move words to the next line after the
line has reached the page margin.

x. Print - lets the printer print your document.

xi. Font Specifications - allows you to change the font
features such
as italic, bold, size, color and shadow.

xii. Graphics - allows you to insert shapes, images and

charts in your
document.

xiii.Spell check - a facility to check the correct spelling

of a word.
xiv.Thesaurus - allows you to find the synonyms of
words in your
document.

xv. Headers, footers and pagination allow you to edit

The above features are part of the word processor

capabilities. Teachers can use this word processors to
make materials such as handouts, worksheets and tests
to improve teaching effectiveness.
Integration of Word Processing Application in Teach
Learning
Teachers can use for word processing applications to
support their role in the activities and matters relating
to the management teaching and learning. Here are
some advantages of using word processing in teaching
and learning:
i.

Saves time - word processing applications help

teachers manage
their time more efficiently, especially for modifying
text
(material) repeatedly, reduces the need to rewrite
text, and

ii. Document are more organised and attractive teaching materials

produced using word processing applications are
more
organized, neat, and attractive, making it easier to
understand.

iii. Information sharing - teachers can share lesson

plans, reading
materials, tables, text, templates and other
questions of teaching
materials. Friends can copy, modify, improve
material produced
word processing applications.
iv. Support the management of teaching and learning the use of
word processing applications can help teachers in

v. Strengthen teaching and learning activities students can be

stimulated to use the word processing application
in most
writing tasks previously written by hand. Students
will be more
motivated to perform the task if the results
obtained by them
more organised, neat, attractive and saves time.

vi. Support the writing process - students can use word

processing
application to write, edit, illustrated stories,
produce
presentation materials for the topics they are
learning and make
notes as a reference. Students can be stimulated
to create ideas

Electronic
Spreadsheet

10.4 Electronic Sheet

Electronic sheet (spreadsheets) organize information
into software-defined rows and columns. The rows and
columns of a spreadsheet make up cells that form a
grid. The user enters data in the cells and types in
formulas (or uses pre-programmed formulas called
functions) to perform mathematical calculations on
the data (ehow.com 2012).

sic Features of Electronic Spreadsheet

i.

Manage data in rows and columns

ii. Provide a platform for users to enter data

iii. Allow users to do mathematical calculations such as
adding and
subtracting; and formulated of mathematical
calculations on
data
iv. Allow users to use mathematical functions on data
v. Allow users to copy mathematical formulas and;
vi. Allow users to redo the calculation automatically
when they
change the data
vii. Users are able to present data in charts and graphs

tages of Using Electronic Spreadsheet Rather Than M

dsheet
i.

Data entry error can be detected and corrected

easily using the
edit feature

ii. Allow users to get through the answer without

typing complex
mathematical formula or function. Users may use
the
mathematical formula or function provided in
application to do
the calculation automatically
iii. Save a lot of processing time as data on several
spreadsheets may be processed simultaneously
iv. Present neat and interesting data through automatic
formatting

vi. Provide a method to locate and present the

information in a
manageable form.
vii. Save computation time if need to do recalculation.
viii. Quick and easy data access because the data is
saved in the
digital files form
ix. Data and information can be shared easily using the
internet
access because the data is saved in the digital
files form
x. Files can be locked using a password to prevent
unauthorized
data changes
Example of spreadsheet applications :

5 Development of Multimedia Learning Packag

Multimedia Definition
As the name implies, multimedia is the integration of
multiple forms of media. This includes text, graphics,
audio, video, etc. For example, a presentation involving
audio and video clips would be considered a
"multimedia presentation." Educational software that
involves animations, sound, and text is called
"multimedia software." CDs and DVDs are often
considered to be "multimedia formats" since they can
save a lot of data and most forms of multimedia require
a lot of disk space (techterms.com 20012a).

In the context of ICT, a multimedia material is an

integration of a variety of multimedia elements
including text, graphics (including images), audio, video
and animation, is subset to the hypermedia.
Hypermedia combine multimedia elements with
hipertext (also known as hyperlink) that creates a link
between the elements (Microsoft Press 1994).
In the context of education, a multimedia package is a
package that combines the learning strategy with
learning contents and is presented using a variety of
multimedia elements to enable the learning objectives
to be achieved by the pupils.

Use of Interactive Media in Teaching and Learn

Interactive Media
Interactive media is the integration of a variety of
media, including text, graphics, images, audio, and
video in a structured environment so that users can
interact for a specific purpose. Interactive media
usually requires control, input, and active user
response. Most interactive media are now using digital
technologies. Examples of interactive media are
websites, digital video recorder (DVR), computer
games, online forum, E-Mail and social networking.

Interactive
Multimedia
When users are able to control the type, time and
manner of elements in the multimedia package, it will
become an interactive multimedia. The specific uses of
interactive multimedia are for:

Drill and exercise to master basic skills

Development of writing skills
Problem Solving
Understanding the concepts of mathematics and
science
data manipulation
mastering computer skills
access and communication
remote access by teachers and students
individual and cooperative learning
administration and management of classroom

Development of Multimedia Interactive

Learning Package
Development of Interactive Multimedia involves a
systematic and thorough process. There are many
models that can be used in interactive multimedia
developments project. ADDIE model is a popular model
used in the design of teaching and learning project. In
the context of the development of interactive
multimedia packages education, this model is an ideal
choice. The model consists of the following phases:i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
Evaluation

Working Process
A Analysis Phase:i.

Analyse your pupils (make assumptions about the

condition of your students);
ii. Think about the students attitude, existing
knowledge, skills, and learning styles
iii. Analyse the syllabus, topic or sub-topic for the
teaching and learning aids that will be constructed
iv. Examine the structure of the titles concept
v. Think about the sequence should be mastered by
students
vi. Think about the support materials needed
vii. Think about the materials (media) can be built or
found according to the major content and support
materials
viii.Ensure the learning outcomes of the subject is

ix. Dsiscuss the way of learning suppose to be conduct

x. Think about the appropriate activities and
assignments to
develop a meaningful, fun, relevant learning and
achieve the
learning outcomes.
B. Design Phase:
i.

Consider aspects such as the design, contents

arrangement/ layout for the display and interface
ii. Build navigation plan
iii. Build storyboard
iv. Define the interactivity level

C.

Development Phase:

i. Find and select the appropriate materials / media

ii. Modify the existing media if necessary
iii. Build your own media if deemed necessary with
appropriate audio; graphics; animation; video; etc.
iv. Use appropriate software to edit graphics, Audio,
Video and Animation
v. Convert all media materials into digital form
vi. Choose an appropriate authoring tool
vii. Based on the storyboard, compose by using
authoring software that was selected
viii.Input the element multimedia you had fixed
ix. Build a menu to access the topics, activities,
training and resources
x. Create a link from title, activities, assignments,
training, and other resources; and link back to the
menu

D. Implementation Phase:
i.

Run the multimedia packages that have been

developed to find bugs. This test level called 'Alpha
Testing'
ii. Apply your multimedia Package to your students
and correct the bugs. This test level called Beta
E. Testing
Evaluation Phase:
i. Conduct an assessment about the effectiveness of
the media you had prepared
ii. Conduct an assessment about the teaching and
learning process that you have planned.

Interactivity Design
Multimedia interactivity design consists of six major
components (Shedroff, 1994) :

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

Feedback (user performance response)

Control (navigation and interactivity)
Creativity (users develop something)
Productivity (content)
Communication (communication with others)
easily adapted

Advantages of Using Interactive Media

Using interactive media in education have brought
many advantages. Such as:

It facilitates the student-centered learning. Provide

many options for learning and introducing a lot of
new material.
It fulfill the requirements of a variety learning styles
to provide a large selection of learning approaches
It motivate interaction, experimentation and students
cooperative learning
It helps the learning process based on the theme
It enhances constructivist learning

Interactive media are very suitable to use in

complex learning situations as follows : Material or content that is difficult to visualize such
as complex processes.
The learning of three-dimensional content which is
usually difficult if done using two-dimentional
materials
Dynamic processes that require an understanding of
the relationship between moving objects
Comprehensive content where some ideas have to be
combined to understand the entire content
Simulation of a complex or expensive process in
which no opportunity to use real equipment