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Chapter2:
ConversionandReactorsinSeries
H.ScottFogler,Ph.D.
ReactorMoleBalanceSummary
Conversion
Conversion
X=
molesreacted
molesfed
Conversion
X=
molesreacted
molesfed
BatchReactorConversion
Forexample,letsexamineabatchreactorwiththefollowingdesignequation:
dN A
= rA V
dt
BatchReactorConversion
Forexample,letsexamineabatchreactorwiththefollowingdesignequation:
dN A
= rA V
dt
Considerthereaction:
molesreacted
molesfed
BatchReactorConversion
Forexample,letsexamineabatchreactorwiththefollowingdesignequation:
dN A
= rA V
dt
Considerthereaction:
molesreacted
molesfed
BatchReactorConversion
Forexample,letsexamineabatchreactorwiththefollowingdesignequation:
dN A
= rA V
dt
Considerthereaction:
DifferentialForm:
IntegralForm:
molesreacted
molesfed
CSTRConversion
AlgebraicForm:
ThereisnodifferentialorintegralformforaCSTR.
PFRConversion
PFR
dF A
= rA
dV
FA = F A0 (1 X )
PFRConversion
PFR
dF A
= rA
dV
FA = F A0 (1 X )
PFRConversion
PFR
DifferentialForm:
IntegralForm:
dF A
= rA
dV
FA = F A0 (1 X )
DesignEquations
DesignEquations
DesignEquations
DesignEquations
DesignEquations
Example
Example
V = F A0 0
dX
rA
0.010
Example
V = F A0 0
dX
rA
0.010
Example
V = F A0 0
dX
rA
0.010
1
rA
50
40
30
20
10
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
ReactorSizing
GivenrAasafunctionofconversion,rA=f(X),onecansizeanytypeofreactor.
ReactorSizing
GivenrAasafunctionofconversion,rA=f(X),onecansizeanytypeofreactor.
WedothisbyconstructingaLevenspielplot.
ReactorSizing
GivenrAasafunctionofconversion,rA=f(X),onecansizeanytypeofreactor.
WedothisbyconstructingaLevenspielplot.
HereweploteitherasafunctionofX.
r or r
FA 0
A
1
rA
50
40
30
20
10
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
ReactorSizing
GivenrAasafunctionofconversion,rA=f(X),onecansizeanytypeofreactor.
WedothisbyconstructingaLevenspielplot.
HereweploteitherasafunctionofX.
r or r
FA 0
1
rA
50
40
30
20
10
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
FA0
Forvs.X,thevolumeofaCSTRis:
r A
V=
F A0 ( X 0 )
rA
EXIT
XEXIT
Equivalenttoareaofrectangle
onaLevenspielPlot
ReactorSizing
GivenrAasafunctionofconversion,rA=f(X),onecansizeanytypeofreactor.
WedothisbyconstructingaLevenspielplot.
HereweploteitherasafunctionofX.
r or r
FA 0
A
FA0
Forvs.X,thevolumeofaCSTRis:
r A
V=
1
rA
50
40
30
20
10
F A0 ( X 0 )
rA
EXIT
FA0
Forvs.X,thevolumeofaPFRis:
r A
XF
VPFR = 0
A0
rA
dX
=areaunderthecurve
XEXIT
Equivalenttoareaofrectangle
onaLevenspielPlot
=area
NumericalEvaluationofIntegrals
TheintegraltocalculatethePFRvolumecanbeevaluatedusingSimpsons
OneThirdRule:
NumericalEvaluationofIntegrals
TheintegraltocalculatethePFRvolumecanbeevaluatedusingSimpsons
OneThirdRule(seeAppendixA.4onp.924):
ReactorsInSeries
ReactorsInSeries
ReactorsInSeries
ReactorsinSeries
AlsoconsideranumberofCSTRsinseries:
ReactorsinSeries
FinallyconsideranumberofCSTRsinseries:
WeseethatweapproachthePFRreactorvolumeforalargenumberof
CSTRsinseries:
FA 0
rA
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary