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N E U TRAL
N E U TRAL
Charge
Proton (+)
In a simplified atomic model, electrons
Neutron (0)
orbit about a central nucleus:
Electron (-)
As long as the number
POSITIVE ION
NEGATIVE ION
of electrons equals the
number of protons, an
atom is neutral.
If an electron is
removed from an atom,
HYDROGEN
BERYLLIUM
the atom has a net (+)
charge and becomes a positive ion.
If an electron is added to an atom, the atom has a net
(-) charge and is called a negative ion.
during
before and
after
r
Be very clear that r is the distance between the
centers of the charges.
Q
FYI
The field arrows of the inner ring are longer than the
field arrows of the outer ring and all field arrows point to
the centerline.
+E
SOLUTION:
Sketch in the field due to each charge at each point.
Fields diminish as 1 / r2.
Fields point away from (+) and toward (-).
The only place the fields add is point B.
MONOPOLES
Negative sphere
of charge
Positive sphere of
charge
DIPOLE
SOLUTION:
Just remember: (-) charges travel
against the field arrows and on the
field lines.
(-)
0.025 m
E
A
0.025 m
electronvolt conversion
-1
Q
v