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Impulse steam turbine

By
Mr. Manoj Kumar Elipey
Assistant professor
Vardhaman College Of Engineering

A Steam turbine is a prime mover in


which rotary motion is obtained by
gradual change of momentum of the
steam. In steam turbine, the force
exerted on the blades is due to the
velocity of steam. This is due to the fact
that the curved blades by changing the
direction of steam receive a force or
impulse. The action of steam in this case
is said to be dynamic. Thus, the dynamic
pressure of steam rotates the vanes,
buckets or blades directly. The turbine
blades are curved in such a way that
steam directed upon them enters without

In general steam turbine consists of the following


parts
1. The nozzle in which heat energy of high
pressure steam is converted into kinetic energy
,so that the steam issues from the nozzle with a
very high velocity.
2. The blades which change the direction of
steam issuing from the nozzle, so that a force
acts on the blades due to change of momentum
and propel them.
Thus, the basic principle of operation of a
steam turbine is the generation of high velocity
steam jet by the expansion of high pressure
steam and then conversion of kinetic energy, so
obtains into mechanical work on rotor blades.

The steam turbines may be classified


into the following types
1. According to the mode of steam
action
i. Impulse turbine
ii. Reaction turbine
2. According to the direction of steam
flow
i. Axial flow turbine
ii. Radial flow turbine
3. According to the exhaust condition
of steam
i. Condensing turbine

4. According to the pressure of steam


i. High pressure turbine
ii. Medium pressure turbine
iii. Low pressure turbine
5. According to number of stages
i. Single stage turbine
ii. Multistage stage turbine

Impulse turbines

An impulse turbine, as the name indicates,


is a turbine which runs by the impulse of steam
jet. In this turbine, the steam is first made to
flow through a nozzle. Then the steam jet
impinges on the turbine blades (which are
curved like buckets) and are mounted on the
circumference of the wheel. The steam jet after
impinging glides over the concave surface of the
blades and finally leave the turbine

A De-Level turbine is the simplest


type of impulse steam turbine, and is
commonly used. It has the following
components
1. Nozzle
2. Runner and blades
3. casing

Thermal energy of steam is converted to kinetic energy


in turbine nozzle. Kinetic energy to be converted to blade
become mechanical energy and transferred through rotor, shaft
and coupling to the load. Enthalpy drop is high for each moving
blades
Curtis turbine contain 1 row of nozzle for 2 row of
impulse blades
Rateau turbine contain 1 row of nozzle for 1 row of
impulse blades, can be 1 pair up to several pair.

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