Introduction to Computer

Prepared By: CpE Department

What is a computer?
A computer is an
electronic device
used to manipulate
data.
It can perform both
arithmetic and
logical operations.

Computer Generations
First
Generation
Computer

It uses Vacuum
Tube

ENIAC

Computer Generations
Second
Generation
Computer

It uses Transistor

AUTODIN

Computer Generations
Third
Generation
Computer

It uses Integrated
Circuit (IC)

Computer Generations
Fourth
Generation
Computer

It uses
Microprocessor

Computer Generations
Fifth
Generation
Computer

It uses Artificial
Intelligence

Elements of a Computer
System
Computer System is the
totality of interaction with
the computer.
a.Hardware The
tangible parts of the
computer.

Elements of a Computer
System
b. Software Refers
to
the
set
of
programs
that
controls
the
computer.

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Elements of a Computer
System
c. Peopleware
The user of the
computer.

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The Hardware
A. Input and Output
Devices
Input Devices It
allows the user to
communicate to the
computer.

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The Hardware
Output devices
allows the computer
to communicate to the
user.

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The Hardware
B. Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
Consider as the
brain of the
computer.
It is responsible in
manipulating data.

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The Hardware
C. Memory Unit
The storage unit of the computer.

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Parts of the CPU

(Microprocessor)
A. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
It performs arithmetic and logical operation.
B. Control Unit (CU)
It supervises the flow of information inside
the computer.
C. Register
The memory of the microprocessor.

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Parts of the CPU

(Microprocessor)

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The Memory Unit

Primary/ Main Memory

Read Only Memory

(ROM) permanent
memory

Random Access
Memory (RAM)
temporary memory

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The Memory Unit

Secondary Memory

Commonly known as the hard disk drive

High capacity storage

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The Memory Unit

External Memory
memory unit external to the computer

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SOFTWARE
Types of Software
System Software
It acts as an interface
between the computer
hardware and the user
through application software.

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SOFTWARE
Application Software
Consist of programs that
perform specific task.

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SOFTWARE
Classification of Application Software
Packaged
It is designed for general used

Customized
Designed for a particular user

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SOFTWARE
Programming Language is an application
software that can be used to create system
software and another application software.
Different types of Programming
Language
High level Programming Language
It is usually human understandable since it
uses English-like terms.

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SOFTWARE
Low-level Programming Language
Also known as assembly language.
It uses mnemonic codes (usually 3-letter word)

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SOFTWARE
Machine Language
It uses Binary codes( 0 and 1).
The only language that the computer can
understand.

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SOFTWARE
Translator converts source code to machine
code.
Different types of translator
Interpreter
It converts high-level language to machine
language line by line.

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SOFTWARE
Compiler
It converts high-level language to machine
language as a whole.

Assembler
It converts low-level language to machine language

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Peopleware
Peopleware refers to the user of the computer.
Classification of Peopleware
Technical User
User with a deep understanding on computers.

Non-Technical user
Also called as end user.