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GAS
SOLID
LIQUIID
Pascals
principle
Archimedes
principle
Atmospheric
Bernoullis
principle
1
Pressure applied to an
enclosed liquid is
transmitted equally to
every part of the liquid
P2
P1
A1
h1
A2
h2
P1 = P2
F1 = F2
A1 A2
Liquids are difficult
to compress.
V1 = V 2
SOLVE PROBLEMS
10 N
LOAD
PISTON AREA
50cm2
PISTON AREA
200cm2
liquid
FI = F2
A1 A2
10 N = F2
50cm 200cm
F2 = 2000 Ncm
50cm
= 40 N
Practise
Piston area
Piston area
liquid
Rubber tube
The diagram shows 2 syringe are contact with one
rubber tube.
Calculate
a)
b)
HYDRAULIC JACK
When the handle is pushed down,
Valve A will be closed, while
valve B will be opened.
2. Pressure will be transmitted to
the larger piston.
The increased force will
pushed up the car
HANDLE
TANK
VALVE A
VALVE B
RELEASE VALVE
HYDRAULIC OIL
10
1. The piston of the wheel cylinder is larger than that of the master
cylinder.
2. A small force from the driver to the pedal causes a higher force on the
brake shoe to the brake drum to slow down the car.
3. The function of the return spring is to pull the brake to its original
position when there is no pressure.
11
MASTER CYLINDER
HYDRAULIC OIL
BRAKE SHOE
TO OTHER BRAKE
BRAKE
CYLINDER
SHAFT
TYRE
BRAKE DISC
12
Example 1
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Practice 2
The hydraulic jack in the figure shows that piston A and
piston B are of cross-sectional area 5 cm2 and 100 cm2
respectively. If a mass of 3 kg is placed on piston A,
(a) what is the maximum weight that can be lifted by piston B?
(b)If the distance moved by piston A is 75 cm, what is the
distance moved by the piston B?
15
Practice 3
The figure shows a hydraulic jack whereby a car of weight 8000
N is placed on top of the larger piston. The cross-sectional
area of the small piston and the large piston are 0.2 m2 and
4 m2 respectively.
(a) What is the minimum force that must be applied to the small
piston in order to lift the car?
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