Subject :PROGRAMMABLE

LOGIC CONTROLLER(PLC)
UNIT 1:
1. DEFINITION & HISTORY OF PLC
2. OVERALL SYSTEM
3. I/O MODULES & INTERFACES
4. CPUS & PROGRAMMERS
5. POWER SUPPLIES
6. ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
7. SELECTION CRITERIA

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLER(PLC)
Definition:
A PLC is an user friendly, microprocessor -based specialized computer
that carries out control functions of many types and levels of complexity
According to National Electrical Manufacturing Association
(NEMA):
PLC is defined as a digital electronic device with a programmable
memory for storing instructions that execute specific functions such as
logic, sequence, timing, counting, and arithmetic to control an industrial
machine or process accordance with the desired industry. PLC is able to
do a continuous process according to the input variables and provides the
programming decisions at will so that the output under control.

Problems faced during 60s

Control systems
implemented using relay
controller
Lack of flexibility for
process change or expansion
Troubleshooting:
5 hours to find it and

five minutes to fix it

BIRTH OF PLC
Bill stone part of Hydramatic
division presented paper at
Westinghouse conference
His proposal was give to four
control builders
1.Allen Bradley
2.Digital Equipment Corporation
3.Century Detroit
4.Bedfort Associates

History of PLC
Digital Equipment brings a mini
computer rejected due to memory.
Allen-Bradley has two attempts:PDQ II
and PMC.Both of them too large too
difficult to program and too complex.
Bedford Associates already working
from 1968 on the 084.They form
Modicon(Modular digital controller) and
together in 1969 build the
programmable Controller 084 also
known as the Modicon 084 which wins

 In 1971,Allen Bradley (Strugger and

Dummermuth) present the bulletin
1774 PLC also known as the PLC
In 1973 Modicon develop the Modicon
184 which produces the take off of
Modicon

Fathers of the PLC

RICHARD MORLEY ODO JOSEF
STRUGER
Bed Associates,
Allen Bradley
Modicon
More than 20 US
PLC acronym
patents
holds 50 patents

Evolution of PLC
PLC development began in 1968 in response

to a request from an US car manufacturer

(GE). The first PLCs were installed in industry
in 1969.
Communications abilities began to appear in
approximately 1973. They could also be used
in the 70s to send and receive varying
voltages to allow them to enter the analog
world.

Evolution of PLC

The 80s saw an attempt to:

standardize communications with
manufacturing automation protocol (MAP),
reduce the size of the PLC, and making them
software programmable through symbolic
programming on personal computers instead
of dedicated programming terminals or
handheld programmers.

History of PLC
The 90s have seen a gradual
reduction in the introduction of new
protocols, and the modernization of
the physical layers of some of the
more popular protocols that survived
the 1980s.

Evolution of PLC
The latest standard IEC 1131-3 has tried
to merge plc programming languages
under one international standard. We now
have PLCs that are programmable in
function block diagrams, instruction lists,
C and structured text all at the same time.

Different PLCs

OVERALL PLC SYSTEM

Overall PLC system

CPU
a. Microprocessor: perform mathmatical & logic
control
b. Memory: data stored & retrieved
c. Power supply: supply which converts AC line
voltage to operational DC values
Programmer/Monitor:
a.Hand held terminals
b.Industrial terminals
c.Personal computer
I/O modules
Rack & chassis

Overall PLC system

Actual PLC system

Relay Mechanism

Selector
Switch

Limiit switch)