At equilibrium, C=T, Depth of rectangular compressive stress block,
Height of top chord
member
In the presence of opening in compression block, moment capacity is
also reduced.
Modes of shear failures at small openings
Nominal shear strength of concrete is
calculated
Top and bottom chords are designed
seperately.
As the stress concentration is very high
around the opening,diagonal bars are used to control cracks
is the inclination of diagnol reinforcement.
As per Salam and tan et al in 1996,noted
that strength of the beam with opening remains same as that of the corresponding solid beam if the opening is in tension zone. As per hanson(1969), samas and clay(1974) indicate that the mode of failure remains same as that of solid beam in shear. As per hanson, opening of about 20-30% of beam depth will not reduce the shear strength of beam.
Beam size = 125x250 mm
Length=1.6m
Near to support
far from support
HSC
High strength concrete
If the diameter of opening exceeds 1/3 of
depth of beam, it effects shear and flexural strength. Presence of diagonal bars and stirrups around the opening increase the ultimate strength of beam. Increase of strength of concrete doesnt have effect on ultimate strength but it improves serviceability of beam 20% of ultimate strength is reduced w.r.t solid beam.