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Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Syllabus
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Mechanical springs
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
About Spring
A spring is defined as an elastic
body, whose function is to distort
when loaded and to recover its
original shape, when the load is
removed.
Applications:
Springs in clutches, brakes, spring
loaded valves, toys, clocks, vehicle
suspension systems.
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Types Of Springs
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
HELICAL SPRINGS
The helical springs are made up of a wire coiled in
the form of a helix and is primarily intended for
compressive or tensile loads.
The cross-section of the wire from which the
spring is made may be circular, square or
rectangular. The two forms of helical springs are
compression helical spring as shown in Fig. (a)
and tension helical spring as shown in Fig.(b).
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
The
helical
type
may
be
used
only
in
and
are
used
in
various
electrical
mechanisms.
The spiral type is also used where the load
tends to increase the number of coils and when
made of flat strip are used in watches and
clocks.
The major stresses produced in torsion springs
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
are tensile and compressive
due to bending.
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Laminated Or Leaf
Springs
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
strength,
high
ductility,
high
service
where
means
the
ratio
rapid
of
continuous
minimum
to
and
automobile
suspension
springs.
P Dhavane(Sinhgad
C. Light serviceProf.Sachin
includes
subjected to
Mechanical) springs
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
D
16F
16T
8FD
2
t 3
3
d
d
d 3
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
t s
3
2
d
d
8FD
d
[1
]
3
d
2D
8FD
0.5
[1
]
3
d
C
8FD
8FC
Ks Ks
3
d
d 2
Where
Ks shear stress correction factor
0.5
[1
]
C
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
where F = Load
= Deflection of the
According
spring
to castiglianos theorem
8FC n
Gd
where n number of active coils
G modulus of rigidity
d wire diameter
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
F
k
F
k
3
8FC n
Gd
Gd
k
3
8C n
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Problem
1.
Design
close
coiled
helical
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Problem 1
Solution:
Wire diam. d= 9.58 mm
Ls= ( n+2 )
d=112.32 mm
Mean coil diam. D=48 mm
Max.
Deflection=33 mm
Spring stiffness K=83.33N/mm
=150.27
mm
Total no of turns n= n+2 =11.7 turns
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Lf= pn +2d
p= 13.5
Springs In Series
Consider two springs connected in series as shown
in Fig.
W = Load carried by the springs,
1 = Deflection of spring 1,
2 = Deflection of spring 2,
k1 = Stiffness of spring 1 = W / 1, and
k2 = Stiffness of spring 2 = W / 2
Springs In Series
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Springs In Parallel
Consider two springs connected in parallel as shown
in Fig
Let W = Load carried by the springs,
W1 = Load shared by
spring 1,
W2 = Load shared by
spring 2,
k1 = Stiffness of spring
1, and
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Springs In Parallel
A little consideration will show that
when the springs are connected in
parallel,
then
the
total
deflection
= Deflection produced.
in
direct
relation
to
the
Such
springs
are
made
of
different
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
inner spring.
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Leaf Springs
Leaf springs (also known as flat springs)
are made out of flat plates.
Leaf Springs
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
radii
of
curvature
before
assembly .
The Gap C between the full length leaf and
the graduated leaf before assembly is
called Nip.
Nip is adjusted so that under maximum
load condition the stresses in all leaves are
equal.
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Surge In Springs
When one end of a helical spring is resting on a
rigid support and the other end is loaded suddenly,
then all the coils of the spring will not suddenly
deflect equally, because some time is required for
the propagation of stress along the spring wire.
A
little
consideration
will
show
that
in
the
Surge In Springs
This wave of compression travels along the spring
indefinitely.
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Shot Peening
Under fatigue loading of springs the poor
surface
finish
reduces
the
endurance
strength.
So spring surface becomes irregular which
acts as source for stress concentration. The
fatigue cracks begins at such points and
propogates leading to failure of springs.
In order to reduce the chances of failure due
to surface cracks , a residual compressive
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Shot Peening
Shot peening is used for inducing the residual
compressive stress.
The surface is bombarded with high velocity
iron or steel shots (balls) discharged from a
rotating wheel or pneumatic nozzle.
It increases the area of exposed surface which
creates a layer of residual compressive stress
on the surface.
Shot peening improves the fatigue strength.
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)
Prof.Sachin P Dhavane(Sinhgad
Mechanical)