Electricity

I. Electric current
II. Ohm’s law
III. Resistivity
IV. Kirchhoff’s first law
V. Kirchhoff’s Second law
VI. Potential Difference and
electromotive force
VII. Wheatstone’s circuit
VIII. Electrical energy
 Electric current

 The amount of charge flow per unit time.

 I= Q/t
e
e
e
e
 I: current (Ampere)
 Q: Charge (Coulomb)
 t: time (second)
 Electron flow
 n= Q / e

 n: number of electron
 Q: charge (coulomb)
 e: charge of one electron (1.6x10-19Coulomb)
 Worked example
 Grafik disamping
menunjukan kuat arus
I(A)
yang mengalir dalam
suatu hambatan.
4
Banyaknya muatan
listrik yang mengalir
2
selama 5 detik adalah?
Dan berapa jumlah
t
elektron yang mengalir? 3 5
(Second)
 Ohm’s law
 V =I.R

 V: voltage (Volt)
 I: Electrical Current (Ampere)
 R: Resistance (Ohm)
 Resistivity

 R = ρ.L/A
 Δ R= Ro.ά.Δt

 R:Hambatan (Ohm)
 ρ :Hambatan jenis
 L: panjang penghantar (meter)
 A:Luas penampang (m2)
 Rt: hambatan pada suhu To
 Ro: hambatan mula-mula
 ά : koefisien suhu hambatan
 Δt: perubahan suhu
 Resistor in series
 Rt = R1 + R2
 The common quantity = Curent

 Resistor in parallel
 1/ Rt = 1/ R1 + 1/ R2
 The common quantity = Potential difference
 Kirchhoff’s first law
 Iin + Iout = 0
 The algebraic sum of the changes in

potential encountered in a completed

traversal of the circuit must be zero
 Kirchhoff’s Second law

 ΣE + Σ(I.R)=0
 The sum of the changes in potential
encountered in making complete loop is zero
 The rules:
 1. If a resistor is traversed in the direction of
the current, then iR is negative
 2. If a seat of emf is traversed in the direction
of emf, then E is negative
 Potential Difference and
electromotive force
 Potential Difference
 A potential difference between two point with
current flows

 Electromotive force
 A potential difference between two point
without current flows
Asssume there are some batteries with the same emf

 Batteries in series
 Et= n.E current I = n.E / r + R

 Batteries in parallel
 Et=E current I= E
(r /n)+ R
 Wheatstone’s circuit

R4 R4 R5
R1

R3
R3 R5

R1 R2
R2

If R1.R5 = R2.R4 then the current at R3 is zero

 Electical energy
 W=V.I.t
 W=I2.R.t
 W= P.t
 W= V2.t/R

 P2=(V2/V1)2.P1
Tentukan kuat arus yang mengalir pada R6!

R4 R1 : 2 Ohm
R1
R2 : 1 Ohm

R5 R3 : 5 Ohm
R3 R6
R4 : 4 Ohm
R5 : 2 Ohm
R2
R6 : 0.6 Ohm

18 volt,
0.2 Ohm