CONGENITAL BRAIN

ANOMALY
BY
DR. AMIT KR. RANO

NEUROEMBRYOLOGY

1] DORSAL INDUCTION PRIM. AND SEC.

NEURULATION
2] VENTRAL INDUCTION- CLEAVAGE AND
DIVERTICULATION
3] NEURONAL PROLIFERATION,
DIFFERENTIATION AND HISTOGENESIS
4] CELLULAR MIGRATION- FORMATION OF
CORTEX, SULCI/GYRI
5]NEURAL ORGANISATION
6] MYELINATION

DORSAL INDUCTION
3-4 weeks

VENTRAL INDUCTION

NEURONAL
PROLIFERATION
2-4 months

CELULLAR MIGRATION
2-5months
NEUROBLASTS MIGRATE GERMINAL
LAYER ALONG RADIAL GLIAL
PROCESSES
CORTICAL LAYERS FORM FROM
DEEP TO SUPERFICIAL
GYRI AND SULCI FORM
FORMATION OF COMMISURES

NEURAL ORGANISATION
6 months-Postnatal
MYELINATION
6 months-Adulthood

DISORDERS OF DORSAL
INDUCTION
ANENCEPHALY
CHIARI MALFORMATIONS I,II,III
CEPHALOCELE
CRANIORACHISCHIASIS

ANENCEPHALY

EXENCEPHALY

CHIARI -I

CHIARI-I

CHIARI-II
*Small post.
fossa
*Displacement
and deformity of
cerebellum,
hindbrain,midbrai
n
*Meningomyeloc
ele

CHIARI-II

CHIARI-II WITH CORPUS

CALLOSUM AGENESIS

CEPHALOCELE*MENINGOCELE
*MENINGOENCEPHALOCELE

OCCIPITAL
ENCEPHALOCELE

DISORDERS OF VENTRAL
INDUCTION
HOLOPROCENCEPHALIES
SEPTO-OPTIC DYSPLASIA
ARRHINENCEPHALY
DANDY-WALKER MALFORMATIONS
CEREBELLAR
HYPOPLASIAS/DYSPLASIAS

HOLOPROCENCEPHALY
ALOBAR
SEMILOBAR
LOBAR

ALOBAR
HOLOPROCENCEPHALY

SEMILOBAR
HOLOPROCENCEPHALY

LOBAR
HOLOPROCENCEPHALY

SEPTO-OPTIC DYSPLASIA

SYNDROME
*Fourth ventricle
opens dorsally to
large post. fossa
cyst
*Cerebellar
vermian and
hemispheric
hypoplasia

DANDY-WALKER

DANDY-WALKER

DANDY-WALKER

CEREBELLAR DYSPLASIAS
CHIARY-IV
JOUBERTS SYNDROME
RHOMBENCEPHALOSYNAPSIS
TECTOCEREBELLAR DYSRAPHIA

JOUBERTS SYNDROME

DISORDERS OF MIGRATION
AND SULCATION
SCHIZENCEPHALY
LISSENCEPHALY/AGYRIA
AGYRIA-PACHYGYRIA
POLYMICROGYRIA
GRAY-MATTER HETEROTOPIA
CORPUS CALLOSUM DYSGENESIS

SCHIZENCEPHALY
CLOSED LIP

SCHIZENCEPHALY:

OPEN LIP

LISSENCEPHALY

PACHYGYRIA

HETEROTOPIAS

HETEROTOPIAS

BAND
HETEROTOPIA

CORPUS CALLOSUM
AGENESIS

CORPUS CALLOSUM
AGENESIS

CORPUS CALLOSUM
AGENESIS

CORPUS
CALLOSUM
LIPOMA

CORPUS CALLOSUM
LIPOMA

CORPUS CALLOSUM
LIPOMA

DISORDERS OF NEURONAL
PROLIFERATION,
DIFFERENTIATION,
HISTOGENESIS
MICROENCEPHALY
MACROENCEPHALY
NEUROCUTANEOUS SYNDROMES
AQUEDUCTAL STENOSIS
CONG. NEOPLASMS

AQUEDUCTAL
STENOSIS

DESTRUCTIVE LESIONS

PORENCEPHALY
HYDRANENCEPHALY

PORENCEPHALY

HYDRANENCEPHALY

HYDRANENCEPHAL
Y