Wild IB5e PPT Instructor 01 (Edit)

Globalization
Rina Oktaviani
oktavianirina1@gmail.co
m
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,
Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

International Business 5e
Chapter 1 - 2
Chapter Preview
Describe the process of globalization
Explain how globalization affects markets
and production
Identify two drivers of globalization
Summarize the globalization debate
List types of firms in international business
Describe the global business environment
Chapter 1 - 3
Globalization Involves Us All

We experience international
transactions daily
Imports and exports reach
even remote areas
Technology and e-biz
promote trade
Consumers and companies
pull markets closer
Chapter 1 - 4
International Business

Chapter 1 - 5
Globalization
Trend toward greater economic, cultural,
political and technological interdependence
among national institutions and economies
Globalization of
markets
Globalization of
production
Convergence in buyer
preferences in
markets around the
world
Dispersal of
production activities
worldwide to
minimize costs or
maximize quality

Chapter 1 - 6
Benefits of Globalization
Globalization
of markets
Globalization
of production
Reduces
Reducesmarketing
marketingcosts
costs
Access
Accesslower-cost
lower-costlabor
labor
New
Newmarket
marketopportunities
opportunities
Access
Accesstechnical
technicalexpertise
expertise
Levels
Levelsincome
incomestream
stream
Access
Accessproduction
productioninputs
inputs

Chapter 1 - 7
Challenges to Business
Physical
security
Digital
security
Reputational
risk
Examine company
vulnerability and
create a disaster
recovery plan
Guard proprietary
information and
confidential
communications
Require ethical and

lawful behavior from
all employees and
business partners

Chapter 1 - 8
Globalization Drivers I
Remove barriers to trade
and investment
GATT
WTO
Regional trade
agreements

Chapter 1 - 9
Perubahan yang cepat akibat

perkembangan
teknologi,
politik dan ekonomi dunia
telah membawa perubahan
perubahan
yang
sangat
signifikan pada pola bisnis di
dunia dan juga di Indonesia;
Belum
berhasilnya
perundingan
fora
Multilateral/WTO
khususnya
Market
Access
untuk
mencapai kesepakatan telah
menimbulkan agresifitas yang
tinggi dari negara negara
maju untuk membuka pasar
negara negara berkembang,
walau mereka tetap juga
protektif
di
sektor
pertaniannya;
Degree of Openess
Sumber: Worldbank (2011)
Keterbukaan
perdagangan
menginduksi keterkaitan antar
negara
Keterbukaan
perdagangan
Indonesia berada pada level 30
persen
Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand
China memiliki tingkat openness>
100 persen
Implikasi:
Kondisi
perdagangan
dan
ekonomi mitra dagang sangat
berpengaruh terhadap kondisi
ekonomi.eksternal
KEG:
Penurunan
keterbukaan
perdagangan pada tahun 2009
akibat pengaruh melambatnya
pertumbuhan ekonomi Amerika
Serikat dan Uni Eropa (mitra
dagang utama)
FTA dan Kinerja Perdagangan Indonesia
Pangsa Nilai SKA terhadap ekspor Non Migas

AKFTA
ACFTA
AFTA
IJEPA
Total
AIFTA
70.0
63.1
60.0
50.0
(%)
37.6
40.0
40.5
40.4
32.3
30.0
26.8
23.2
20.0
20.7
16.0
10.0
4.0
2007
2008
2009
2010
Catatan: Jumlah SKA dalam rangka AIFTA sebanyak 1013, dengan nilai US$ 452 juta
Total Jumlah SKA berdasarkan Tipe Preferensi FTA
Nilai SKA berdasarkan Tipe Preferensi FTA
250,000
25,000
200,000
20,000
150,000
15,000
100,000
10,000
50,000
5,000
2007
2008
2009
2010
AKFTA
4,262
22,937
27,210
28,622
AKFTA
ACFTA
2007
2008
2009
2010
343
2,942
1,603
2,776
19,491
89,095
97,793
24,235
ACFTA
204
1,804
2,607
5,287
AFTA
2,332
11,604
16,606
103,334
AFTA
1,360
9,434
6,417
8,710
IJEPA
16,228
46,275
48,571
IJEPA
1,705
2,479
2,642
AIFTA
1,013
AIFTA
0.0
452
Total
26,085
139,864
187,884
205,775
Total
1,907
15,884
13,106
19,867
Sumber: Dit. Fasilitasi Ekspor dan Impor (diolah Puska Daglu, BPPKP, Kementerian
Perdagangan
Pemanfaatan Surat Keterangan Asal (SKA) Form IJ-EPA relatif lebih rendah pada tahun
2010 dibandingkan dengan kesepakatan perdagangan bebas lainnya yang telah
diimplementasikan di Indonesia.
Data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan SKA Form IJ-EPA masih
1.
Posisi Bea Masuk Indonesia (MFN) dibanding 7 Negara Anggota G-20 (2010) Sudah Sangat Rendah
Saat ini, rata-rata tarif Bea Masuk Indonesia

berada di kisaran 6.8% telah sangat liberal.
Di sisi lain, negara maju lainnya yang telah
memiliki perekonomian yang lebih kuat,
memiliki rata-rata tarif bea masuk yang lebih
tinggi dari Indonesia. Contohnya : Korea
(12.1 %), Brazil (13.7%), China (9.1%) and
India (13%);
Countries GDP/capita
GDP (billion) /
2010
1 EU
32.700,00
5,10%
16.242.256
2 AS
46.860,24
3,50%
14.526.550
4.382,13
9,60%
5.878.257
4 Jepang
42.782,52
4,40%
5.458.797
5 Brasil
10.816,48
13,70%
2.090.314
1.371
13,00%
1.631.970
20.756,24
12,10%
1.014.482
2.974,02
6,80%
706.752
3 Cina
6 India
Sumber : WTO, 2010 diolah
Kemenperin
Average Tariff
Line
7 Korea
8 Indonesia
Pada bulan Februari 2013 defisit neraca perdagangan Indonesia

meningkat US$327,4 juta, sehingga total defisit hingga
Februari 2013 sebesar US$402,1 juta. Defisit neraca migas JanFeb mencapai USD$2,41 miliar, tidak dapat ditutup oleh
surplus neraca non migas sebesar US$ 2.01 miliar
Kinerja perdagangan internasional Indonesia kembali tertekan di

bulan Februari 2013.
Pertumbuhan total ekspor turun dari -1,2% pada Januari 2013,
menjadi -2,9% di Februari 2013.
Penurunan ekspor terutama didorong oleh pertumbuhan negatif
ekspor migas yang tumbuh -20,1% (ytd) pada periode Jan-Feb
2013.
15

Chapter 1 - 16

Chapter 1 - 17
Trade Exceeds Output

Chapter 1 - 18
Globalization Drivers II
Technological Innovation
Email and
videoconferencing
Better
coordination
and control
Internet, intranets,
and extranets
Transportation
advancements
Improved
communications
and management
More efficient,
dependable
shipping
Chapter 1 - 19
Measuring Globalization

Chapter 1 - 20
Globalization Then and Now
Highly mobile
labor market
Fear of jobs
moving abroad
Free-flowing
capital and trade
Backlash among
the disaffected

Chapter 1 - 21
From Anarchy to Debate
Rage
Reason
Violence
Legitimacy
Carnage
Civility
Exclusion
Debate

Chapter 1 - 22
Jobs and Wages

Supporters
Opponents
Eliminates jobs in
developed nations
Increases wealth and

efficiency everywhere
Lowers wages in
developed nations
Generates labor market

flexibility in developed
countries
Exploits workers in
developing nations
Advances economies
of developing nations

Chapter 1 - 23
Labor, Environment, &

Markets
Opponents
Globalization lowers
labor standards
Weakens protection of
the environment
Supporters
+ Investment raises
labor standards
+ Open economies most

environment friendly
Exploits workers in
+ Companies concerned
poor nations
for future markets

Chapter 1 - 24
Advice of Global Managers
Communicate effectively
Know the customer
Emphasize global awareness
Market effectively
Monitor business environments
Analyze problems correctly

Chapter 1 - 25
Income
Inequality
Income Inequality
debate
Inequality within nations

Poor people in developing
nations benefit most from
an open economy
Inequality between nations

Nations open to world trade
and investment grow faster
than rich nations

Global inequality
Inequality has fallen, but
experts disagree on the
extent of the decline
Chapter 1 - 26
National Sovereignty
Opponents
Supporters
Supranational
institutions reduce
autonomy of national,
regional, and local
governments
Globalization has
benefited societies by
helping to spread
democracy worldwide

Chapter 1 - 27
Impact on Culture
Supporters
Opponents
Destroys cultural
diversity
Specialize and trade

to obtain other goods
Homogenizes our
world
Import cultural goods

from other nations
Bankrupts local
small businesses
Protects deeper moral

and cultural norms

Chapter 1 - 28
Culture
Culture Matters:
Matters:
The
The Global
Global Consumer
Consumer
Material Desire
Artistic Influence
Western Values
A Force for Good
Deeper Values
Chapter 1 - 29
International Business Players
Multination
al
Corporation
Business that has

direct investments
abroad in multiple
countries
Small
Businesses
and
Small companies and
Entrepreneurs
individuals
becoming
increasingly active in
international trade
and investment

Born Global
Firm
Adopts a global
perspective and
engages in international
business from or near
its inception
Chapter 1 - 30
How They Stack Up

Comparing
revenue of
the world's
10 most
global firms
to the gross
domestic
product of
nations

Chapter 1 - 31
Facts of Small Biz Exporting
Most exporters have

fewer than 50 employees
Comprehensive help
is available
Export financing
is available
Most products do not

need an export license

Chapter 1 - 32
Global Business Environment

Chapter 1 - 33
Chapter Review
Describe the process of globalization
Explain how globalization affects markets
and production
Identify two drivers of globalization
Summarize the globalization debate
List types of firms in international business
Describe the global business environment
Chapter 1 - 34
Globalization

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

publishing as Prentice Hall

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Globalization

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Globalization Involves Us All

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Require ethical and

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Perubahan yang cepat akibat

Sumber: Worldbank (2011)

FTA dan Kinerja Perdagangan Indonesia

Pangsa Nilai SKA terhadap ekspor Non Migas

Total Jumlah SKA berdasarkan Tipe Preferensi FTA

Nilai SKA berdasarkan Tipe Preferensi FTA

Saat ini, rata-rata tarif Bea Masuk Indonesia

Pada bulan Februari 2013 defisit neraca perdagangan Indonesia

Kinerja perdagangan internasional Indonesia kembali tertekan di

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Trade Exceeds Output

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Globalization Then and Now

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

From Anarchy to Debate

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Jobs and Wages

Increases wealth and

Generates labor market

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Labor, Environment, &

+ Open economies most

for future markets

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Advice of Global Managers

Know the customer

Emphasize global awareness

Monitor business environments

Analyze problems correctly

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Inequality within nations

Inequality between nations

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Specialize and trade

Import cultural goods

Protects deeper moral

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

International Business Players

Business that has

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

How They Stack Up

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Facts of Small Biz Exporting

Most exporters have

Most products do not

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Global Business Environment

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education,

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.