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3.At elevation AB, less than three of the four heavy fuel
oil nozzle valves are fully open or fuel flow is not
adequate at the associated oil nozzle valve or elevation
AB power is not available for more than two seconds
and any elevation AB heavy fuel oil nozzle valve is not
closed or elevation AB power is not available for more
than 2 seconds.
Elevation BC:
1. Feeder B is off or loss of elevation B power and
Feeder C is off or loss of elevation C power. This
condition exists for more than two seconds.
2. Less than two of the four fireball flame scanners
indicate flame on elevation BC.
Elevation DE:
1. Feeder D is off or loss of elevation D power and
Feeder E is off or loss of elevation E power. This
condition exists for more than two seconds.
2. Less than two of the four fireball flame scanners
Elevation FG:
1. Feeder F is off or loss of elevation F power and Feeder
G is off or loss of elevation G power. This condition
exists for more than two seconds.
2. Less than two of the four fireball flame scanners
indicate flame on elevation FG.
3. One elevation GH, any heavy fuel oil nozzle valve is
not closed or elevation GH power is not available for
more than two seconds.
Elevation GH:
1. Feeder G is off or loss of elevation G power and
Feeder H is off or loss of elevation H power. This
condition exists for more than two seconds. OR
2. At elevation GH, less than three of the four heavy
fuel oil nozzle valves are fully open or fuel flow is not
adequate at the associated oil nozzle valve or elevation
GH power is not available for more than two seconds
and less than two of the four fireball flame scanners
Boiler Emergencies
Procedures during the following emergency
conditions
1. Boiler Explosions
2. Boiler Implosions
3. Low Water Level
4. High Water Level
5. Boiler Tube Leaks
6. Master Fuel Trip
7. Reheater Protection Trip
Boiler Emergencies
Emergency boiler procedures :
A) Boiler explosions
a. Causes
1. Furnace explosions can be caused by an accumulation of
unburned fuel in the furnace due to incomplete
combustion, loss of ignition, or fuel valve leakage.
2. With a mixture of unburned fuel with air in explosive
proportions, and the application of heat sufficient
enough to raise the temperature of the mixture to the
ignition point, explosions can occur.
3. The accumulated fuel is ignited resulting in a greater
than normal pressure increase.
4. The fuel may enter the furnace in the unburned state in
a number of ways, for instance:
a) Through leaky main fuel or ignition fuel inlet valves on
idle wind box/burner compartments.
Boiler Emergencies
b) If the fires are extinguished and the if the fuel is not shutoff
promptly.
c) If the fuel is not burning as rapidly as rapidly as it is entering the
furnace.
d) In starting up, if difficulty is experienced in establishing ignition.
b. Prevention
1) During start-ups maintain a high air flow (up to 30% of full load air
flow) to ensure an air rich furnace atmosphere and prevent
accumulation of explosive mixtures.
2) Be sure that the main fuel and ignition fuel inlet valves on idle
fuel compartments or burners are closed tightly and do not leak.
It is advisable to remove idle oil guns from the guide pipes, to
avoid dripping.
3) Watch the fires so that the fuel may be shut off without delay if
extinguished unexpectedly. If the fires are lost, trip all main and
ignition fuel immediately. Close all trip and fuel shut off valves.
Purge the furnace at least for 5 minutes after shut down with 30%
(minimum) air flow.
Boiler Emergencies
4) When a boiler has been idle, purge the furnace before putting
igniters in service. Be sure that the warm up fuel firing rate is high
enough to produce a flame not easily extinguished.
5)Always use an associated igniter to light off a main oil or gas
nozzle.
6) Regularly check proper function of FSSS or BMS (interlocks,
trips)
B) Boiler Implosions : Destructive negative pressure.
a. Causes
1) Tripping or sudden loss of fuel results in mass temperature
reduction resulting in rapid decrease in furnace pressure.
2) Rapid evacuation of heated gases by ID fans.
3) Failure of fan controls.
b. Prevention
1) The air flow to the furnace must be maintained at its pre trip
value and must not be prevented from increasing by following
natural fan curves; but positive control action to increase air
flow is not allowed.
Tube Leaks
Indications of the tube leaks are
Feedwater flow greater than steam flow
Excessive desuperheater flow
Wetted insulation of water running down casing with no
apparent cause.
4) Excessive make up.
5) Noise from the boiler (Acoustic noise level indicators)
b. Action
6) Furnace tube leaks
a) The action taken is dependant on the size and location
of the tube leak
1) A large leak may extinguish fire or cause loss of drum
level.
2) A medium size leak may force an immediate shut down.
Reheater Protection
Boiler will trip when any one or more of the following
conditions occur :
1. Turbine Tripped or Gen CB open and HP or LP
Bypass valves opening < 2% then after 5 sec of Time
delay.
2. Turbine working (control valves >2 %) and Load
shedding relay actuated and if HP or LP Bypass
opening is < 2 %,
Reheat protection will act after 10 sec. delay.
3. If Turbine is not working (HP or IP control valves <
2%) and boiler working (No. contact of loss all fuel
arming relay from FSSS) and HP or LP Bypass valves <
2 % with a time delay of 5 Sec.
Reheat Protection will act.
Arming of Reheat Protection -Once HP & LP Bypass are
open 2 % and steam flow increases beyond 200T/hr
Turbine protections
1. LOW VACUUM
( Hyd trip > 0.3 bar, electrical trip > 0.3bar)
2. HIGH AXIAL SHIFT
( 1.0 mm)
3. OVERSPEEDING OF TURBINE
( Mechanical Trip3330 rpm, electrical trip >3330 rpm)
4. MAIN OIL TANK LEVEL LL( fire protection 2)
( 1030 mm from top)
5. C. F. TANK LEVEL LL( fire protection 1)
( -115 mm )
6. LOW LUBE PRESSURE( A 4.8 bar,T 2.2 bar)
7. CONTROL OIL PRESSURE( T 3.5 bar)
8.TURBINE REMOTE PUSH BUTTON TRIP
9.FIRE PROTECTION 1 & 2(PUSH BUTTON)
10.BOILER TRIP LEADING TO TURBINE TRIP
11.GENERATOR TRIP LEADING TO TURBINE TRIP
Turbine protections
TURBINE ADVISORY TRIP
1. HIGH SHAFT VIBRATION / ECCENTRICITY
( A 120mic,T 200 mic)
2. HIGH BEARING VIBRATION
( A 35 mic,T 45mic)
3. HIGH BEARING METAL TEMPERATURE
( A 90C,T 120C)
4. HIGH DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION
(HP -3/5mm,IP -2/7mm,LP -3/30mm)
5. HIGH/LOW MAIN STEAM TEMPERATURE
6.HIGH DRUM LEVEL