GREEN POWER AND OTHER RENEWABLE

SOURCE OF ENERGY

Green Power

Energy generated from renewable sources which are

replenished by nature at sustainable rate

Energy resources of the world

Solar Energy

Huge room for

growth

One of the reasons for this is that the total energy we receive
each year from the sun is around 35,000 times the total energy
used by man. However, about 1/3 of this energy is either
absorbed by the outer atmosphere or reflected back into space

Capturing solar energy typically requires equipment with a

relatively high initial capital cost. However, over the lifetime of the
solar equipment, these systems can prove to be cost-competitive,
as compared to conventional energy technologies

Solar Technologies

The future is bright for continued PV technology dissemination

around the world. PV
technology fills a significant need in supplying electricity, creating
local jobs and promoting economic development in rural areas, while
also having the positive benefits of avoiding the external
environmental costs associated with traditional electrical generation
technologies.
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Solar power tower

Power tower in Barstow, California
General idea is to collect
the light from many
reflectors spread over a
large area at one central
point to achieve high
temperature.
10-MW solar power plant in
Barstow, CA.
1900 heliostats, each 20
ft by 20 ft
a central 295 ft tower

An energy storage system

allows it to generate 7 MW of
electric power without
sunlight.

LATEST INNOVATION : 3D SOLAR TOWER

3D solar panel designs, which could
offer power output ranging from
double to more than 20 times that of
traditional fixed flat panels with the
same base area.

These improvements make power

output more predictable and uniform,
which could make integration with
the power grid easier than with
conventional systems

Wind Power
Offshore wind farms have a higher yield of
wind speeds, thus contribute higher supply
of electricity.
Onshore wind farms are good alternative
to provide electricity to isolated locations.

Gross wind energy potential in the country

is estimated at 45,000 MW.
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Matching Characteristics of
Wind
Variable Speed of Wind and frequent
changes in the
direction.
Matching these characteristics by
following ways :
a) Use of Inverter for Variable Speed of
Generator
b) Use of Continuous Pitch Operation of
Blades

Revolutionary Design Blades

The conventional blades being used even today have Cp value of 40 to

42% which includes the NASA designs. Enercon for the first time have
developed a new profile of blades which is fully tested and is proven to
achieve 50 to 52% Cp value.

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INNOVATION : FLOATING WIND MILL

Size and structure:
Windmills will reach 80 meters
above the surface
Rotors on the windmill will have a
diameter of 90 meters
Windmills secured by cables that
are connected to oceans floor

GOALS

To have large-scale offshore wind parks with

up to 200 turbines capable of producing up to
4 terawatt hours per year and delivering
renewable electricity to both offshore and
onshore activities
To take advantage of wind resources where it
blows the most at sea.
This kind of electricity will be enough to serve
some 200,000 average households.

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Airborne Wind Energy

The basic principle is simple: instead of anchoring
a wind turbine to the ground, you float it up and
make its tether double as a grid connector. Their
portability, ease of installation and minimal use of
land space could make airborne turbines ideal for
innumerable small scale uses, including disaster
relief and other emergency services.

Think of highly portable wind turbines that can

adjust their height to take advantage of the best
winds, and youve got the next generation
ofairborne wind energy devices. A 100-kW
model.
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Geothermal Energy
Geo Thermal

Heat energy from beneath

surface of earth

Working

Extensive global distribution

Indigenous nature

Environmentally friendly nature

Independent of weather and season

Advantages

--- Disadvantages

Reliability

Renewability

Combustion-Free

Very low emission

Reduction in global
warming

Adversely affect land

stability in the surrounding
region

The efficiency of the

system is not as significant
as for a coal or other
powered plant

Potential
24 countries --- 10.7 GW

Iceland (25%), Philippines

(18%)
MIT report -- enough geothermal
energy in hard rocks 10 km below
the United States to supply all the
world's current needs for 30,000
years

India can produce 10,600 MW

TIDAL ENERGY
Tidal energy is one of the best renewable energy in the world. Tidal
energy power
systems are expected to be very competitive with other conventional
energy sources,
and excellent cost advantages arise from there being no pollution or
environmental
expenses.

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ADVANTAGES
As the new tidal current models do not require the construction of a dam, they are
considered
much less costly.
-

- As the new tidal current models do not require the construction of a dam, they are
considered
much more environmental-friendly.

- As the new tidal current models do not require the construction of a dams, further cos
reductions
are realized from not having to dredge a catchment area.
- tidal current generators are also considered more efficient because they can produce
electricity
while tides are ebbing (going out) and surging (coming in), whereas barrage-style
structures
only generate electricity while the tide is ebbing.
- Vertical-axis tidal generators may be stacked and joined together in series to span a
passage
of water such as a fiord and offer a transportation corridor (bridge), essentially
providing
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two infrastructure services for the price of one.

FUEL CELL
Afuel cellis a device that converts the
chemical energy from a fuel into electricity
through a chemical reaction with oxygen
or another oxidizing agent
Hydrogenis the most common fuel

Fuel cells are different frombatteriesin that they require a constant source
of fuel and oxygen to run, but they can produce electricity continually for as
long as these inputs are supplied.
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 The first commercial use of fuel cells was inNASAspace programs to

generate power for probes, satellites and space capsules
Fuel cells are used for primary and backup power for commercial, industrial
and residential buildings and in remote or inaccessible areas
They are used to powerfuel cell vehicles, including automobiles, buses,
forklifts, airplanes, boats, motorcycles and submarines

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Benefits of fuel cells

Fuel cell power plants produce fewer emissions, and their by-products are
primarily water and carbon dioxide.
Fuel cell power plants are nearly twice as efficient as conventional power
plants.
Small-scale fuel cell plants are just as efficient as large ones, and operation at
partial load is as efficient as at full load.
High-grade waste heat from fuel cell systems is perfect for use in cogeneration,
heating, and air-conditioning.

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LATEST INNOVATION IN FUEL CELL

BLOOM BOX TECHNOLOGY
What is bloom box?
A collection of fuel cells, skinny batteries
that use oxygen and fuel to create
electricity with no emissions
Made of sand that is baked into diskettesized ceramic squares and painted with
green and black ink
The fuel cells are stacked into bricksized towers sandwiched with metal
alloy plates
The Bloom Box consists of these fuel cell
stacks that are housed in a refrigeratorsized unit

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How does it work?

Oxygen is drawn into one side of the unit,
and fuel (fossil-fuel, bio-fuel, or even solar
power can be used) is fed into the other
side
The two combine within the cell and
produce a chemical reaction that creates
energy with no burning, no combustion,
and no power lines
about 64 stacks of fuel cells can power a
big house
The device was originally invented to
produce oxygen on Mars but when NASA
scrapped the Mars mission, Sridhar
reversed his Mars machine, pumping
oxygen in, instead of making oxygen

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