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MITOSIS
The nature of replicating cells
II
III
IV
= one bit of
genetic information
= one bit of
genetic information
eukaryote cell
chromosomes
A Chromosome
BASIC GENETICS
Each cell in the human body contains two sets of 23
chromosomes
Mitosis identically replicates this information
Each cell therefore has the same
genetic material
Reproductive cells only have
one set of chromosomes. These
combine to make a new person
with different genetic material to
both parents
1
G
Ce
M
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is
Mitosis
M stage
Mitotic Stage
STAGES OF MITOSIS
Every dividing tissue cell in the body is always
at a stage of the cell cycle. Whether it is at :Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Diagram showing
the Stages of
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Prophase
The
Stages
of
Mitosis
Interphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
The Spindle
A spindle is a web type structure made up of
microtubule fibres. It is essential for mitosis
because it arranges the chromosomes into
their correct positions in preparation for cell
division.
Mitotic centre
A cell at metaphase
Microtubule
a spindle
INTERPHASE
After a cell has divided, the two
new cells begin the process again,
the cells at this stage are in
Interphase.
It is divided into three mini stages:Cell cycle
G1
S
G2
PROPHASE
The chromatin (unravelled DNA)
in the nucleus, condenses to
form pairs of chromosomes.
As this is happening the nucleolus
begins to break down
Prophase
Chromatin
condenses
(remember that
chromatin/DNA
replicate during
Interphase), the
nuclear envelope
dissolves, centrioles
(if present) divide and
migrate, the spindle
forms.
METAPHASE
The spindle becomes
fully developed
The chromatid pairs
place themselves
onto individual fibres
and are aligned along
the centre of the
spindle
The nuclear membrane has completely gone
ANAPHASE
The chromatid pairs are
split into two
(This is done by movement
of the spindle fibres)
The pairs then travel to
opposite ends of the
spindle
The halved chromatids are
now called chromosomes
TELOPHASE
Two new nuclei are formed when
the chromosomes reach the
opposite poles of the cell
The nuclear membrane is formed- the nucleolus
reappears
The chromosomes disperse in the nucleus
REMEMBER!
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
IPMA
T
CYTOKINESIS
Literally means, division of the
cytoplasm
Mitosis is the splitting of the nucleus.
Cytokinesis is the splitting of cytoplasm
It usually begins during ANAPHASE
Kangaroo epithelial
kidney cell going through
mitotic division.
Tumours
Abnormalities can sometimes occur in cells
which reproduce at a rapid rate, this in turn may
lead to the formation of tumours.
Tumours of any type should be considered
serious.
Although benign tumours do not usually cause a
threat to a persons life, they can cause great
inconvenience if not treated.