Internal

08/03/16

WCDMA RAN11 HSPA+

Features
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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to

Know new features of HSPA+ in RAN11
Learn the principles and configurations of the new
features

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References
RAN11.0 Feature Parameter

Description
25.899
25.308
25.211

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Abbreviations
CQI

Channel quality indication

H-RNTI

HSPA random network temporary identifier

MBMS

Multimedia broadcasting and multicast service

PTP/PT
M

Point to point / point to multipoint

CPC

Continuous packet connectivity

TPC

Transmit power control

TB

Transport block

RTT

Round trip time

MIMO

Multi input multi output

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Preface
HSDPA is introduced in R5, downlink 14.4Mbps is

supposed to be supported
HSUPA is introduced in R6, uplink 5.73Mbps is supposed

to be supported
Key technology of HSDPA includes 2ms frame, AMC and

HARQ, etc.
Key technology of HSUPA includes 2ms frame and HARQ,

etc.
In RAN10 and earlier version, HSPA Phase1 and Phase 2

is implemented, supporting the features mentioned above

HSPA+ is introduce in R7, which is implemented in

RAN11, supporting enhanced L2, CPC, 64QAM, MIMO

and enhanced CELL-FACH, etc.
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Chapter 1 RAN11 L2 enhancement

Chapter 2 RAN11 CELL-FACH enhancement
Chapter 3 RAN11 CPC feature
Chapter 4 RAN11 other features of HSPA+

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Background of L2 enhancement
HSPA+ data rate aims: downlink 28Mbps, uplink 11.5Mbps (single user)
RAN10 supports Max. 14.4Mbps/5.76Mbps, one of the reason it cant

support HSPA+ data rate is that L2 capability is limited. Max data rate =
window size PDU size / round trip time
In RAN10,

RNC

Window size = 2048

UE
DATA

PDU size = 656 bit

Round trip time = 80 ms

ACK

2048656/80ms 16.8Mbps

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Background of L2 enhancement
In RAN10, RLC PDU size is fixed, this will cause padding and PDU

multiplexing, and brings too much overhead information

Possible solution is:

Bigger window size, but this will damage the efficiency because
MAC-hs will multiplex more RLC PDU which brings more overhead
information
Flexible PDU size, larger size is a good way for higher data rate,
and smaller size is good for UE which is far from the NodeB
Shorter RTT, but this is not controllable

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L2 enhancement in RAN11
RAN11 Implementation:

Flexible PDU size in RLC (AM) layer

MAC-ehs is introduced in MAC layer
Flexible PDU Size

RLC AM support fixed size and flexible size

In case of flexible size, maximum RLC size is 1500 byte,
corresponding 12032bits of MAC-d PDU

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L2 enhancement in RAN11
MAC-ehs

High layer could configure MAC-ehs or MAC-hs

MAC-ehs supports flexible RLC PDU sizes
MAC-ehs supports segmentation and reassemble
MAC-ehs supports MIMO

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L2 enhancement in RAN11
The MAC-ehs SDUs included in a MAC-ehs PDU can have a different size

and a different priority and can be mapped to different logical channels.

MAC-d flows

MAC-d flows
MAC-hs

MAC-ehs

Scheduling/Priority handling
Priority Queue
distribution

Priority
Queue

Priority
Queue

Scheduling/Priority handling

Priority Queue
distribution

Priority
Queue

Priority
Queue

Priority Queue
distribution

Priority
Queue

Priority
Queue

Priority
Queue

Segment
ation

Segment
ation

Segment
ation

MAC Control

MAC Control

Priority Queue MUX

HARQ entity

HARQ entity

TFRC selection

TFRC selection

Associated Uplink
Signalling

HS-DSCH

Associated Downlink
Signalling

MAC-hs (25.321-830)
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Associated Uplink
Signalling

HS-DSCH

Associated Downlink
Signalling

MAC-ehs 25.321-830)
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L2 enhancement in RAN11
64QAM, MIMO and E-FACH is based on L2 Enhancement
MML commands:

ADD CELLALGOSWITCH
HspaPlusSwitch to enable L2ENHANCED

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Chapter 1 RAN11 L2 enhancement

Chapter 2 RAN11 CELL-FACH enhancement
Chapter 3 RAN11 CPC feature
Chapter 4 RAN11 other features of HSPA+

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Enhanced CELL-FACH state

The HS-DSCH reception in CELL_FACH state is enabled by the UTRAN

by including the parameters for HS-DSCH reception in CELL_FACH

state in the system information broadcast
For uplink transmission the UE shall use the RACH

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Enhanced CELL-FACH state

In protocol point of view
MAC Control

PCCH BCCH CCCH

CTCH

SHCCH

MAC Control

T DD only

MAC Control

DCCH DTCH

MAC-d

Configuration without MAC-c/sh

Configuration with MAC-c/sh

MAC-ehs

HS-DSCH
Associated Downlink
Signalling

MAC-c/sh

Configuration with MAC-c/sh

Iub

PCH FACH FACH

RACH CPCH USCH USCH DSCH DSCH

FDD only

Associated Uplink
Signalling

T DD only

T DD only

Iur or local

Figure 1, from 25.308-770

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DCH

DCH

DTCH

Enhanced CELL-FACH state

Advantages of ECELL-FACH

Higher data rate is possible in Non CELL-DCH state

Quicker state transition from Cell-FACH to Cell-DCH
No interruption of receiving data for the UE when transit from CellFACH to Cell-DCH

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Enhanced CELL-FACH state

ECELL-FACH state in RAN11:

UE does not transmit ACK/NACK and CQI, UTRAN may set fixed
times of retransmit to improve reliability
UE reports the quality of downlink CPICH on RACH to RNC, RNC
sends the measurement result to NodeB in HS-DSCH data frames,
then NodeB could schedule the modulation and transmit power
ECELL-FACH related parameters is broadcasted in system
information block sib5/sib5bis/sib6, including HS-SCCH HSPDSCH common H-RNTI parameters

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Enhanced CELL-FACH state

UE behavior in ECELL-FACH state:

If ECELL-FACH parameters is broadcasted, the UE which support EFACH should use E-FACH state instead of CELL-FACH whenever possible
UTRAN SRNC can acquire the UE capability of E-FACH in the RRC
setup request message, and DRNC may acquire the UE capability of EFACH in the cell update message
UE cant receive HS-DSCH and SCCPCH at the same time an exception
is the MBMS PTM

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MML Commands and Parameters

ADD CELLALGOSWITCH

HspaPlusSwitch to enable both EFACH and L2ENHANCED

SET RRCESTCAUSE

EFachSwitch is on
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH

MapSwitch to enable MAP_PS_BE_ON_E_FACH_SWITCH and

other service
ADD CELLEFACH / ACT CELLEFACH
SET UESTATETRANS

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Chapter 1 RAN11 L2 enhancement

Chapter 2 RAN11 CELL-FACH enhancement
Chapter 3 RAN11 CPC feature
Chapter 4 RAN11 other features of HSPA+

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CPC technology
Continuous packet connectivity (CPC), enables packet data users to avoid

frequent packet connection re-establishment, thus resulting in less

overhead and improving system efficiency
CPC includes several new features

A new UL DPCCH slot format;

DTX-DRX:
UL DTX;
DTX_DRX;
HS-SCCH less Operation;

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A New UL DPCCH Slot Format

A new slot format

slot format 4, each slot carries 6 pilot bits and 4 TPC bits
Compared with slot format 1, less pilot information is
transmitted
The advantage:

In times of no data transmission, with more TPC information

and less pilot, DPCCH may transmit with less power
Slot
Format #i

Channel Bit
Rate (kbps)

Channel
Symbol Rate

SF

Bits/

Bits/

15

15

15

15

Frame

Slot

256

150

256

150

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Npilot

NTPC

NTFCI

NFBI

Transmitted
slots per frame

10

8-15

10

8-15

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DTX-DRX
DTX_DRX consists of 2 parts, they are UL DTX and DL DRX
DL DRX could be applied only when UL DTX is enabled.
Basic principle of DTR-DRX

By transmitting and receiving data on a pre-configured discontinuous

frame pattern, UE and NodeB could save power on the slot when
there is no data, thus decrease uplink interference and UE power
consuming while still maintaining the physical channel synchronization

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Uplink DTX
When there is no transmission on EDCH or HS-DPCCH, UE will stop

continuous DPCCH transmitting, but follow a pre-configured pattern to

transmit unsuccessively for maintaining physical sync.
2 types of DTX pattern could be configured

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DL DRX
DL DRX could be activated only when uplink DTX is activated,
DL DRX pattern should preconfigured for HS-SCCH, HSUPA control

channels (AGCH/RGCH), and F-DPCH

For F-DPCH

When uplink DPCCH is discontinuous transmitting, in the gap slot,

NodeB cant get TPC bit, F-DPCH will not change its transmitting
power, in the corresponding slot, F-DPCH is not required to send
downlink TPC either.

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HS-SCCH less Operation

The HS-SCCH-less HS-DSCH transmission is a mechanism whereby the

first HS-DSCH transmission of small transport blocks on predefined HSDSCH is performed without the accompanying HS-SCCH, this is
applicable to low data rate service such as VoIP, AMR service.
The modulation used is restricted to QPSK
Only 4 pre-defined TB formats for MAC-hs or MAC-ehs PDUs are
allowed
At most two pre-defined HS-PDSCH OVSF codes are assigned per
UE
At anytime, the UE may receive an HS-SCCH-less HS-DSCH
transmission on one or two of the configured codes and must perform
blind decoding on all 4 configured formats.

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UE state transition in HSPA+

After supporting CPC and E-FACH, UE state could be in these states:

Non CPC supporting CELL-DCH: CELL-DCH

CPC supporting CELL-DCH: CELL-DCH(CPC)
Non E-FACH supporting CELL-FACH: CELL-FACH
E-FACH supporting CELL-FACH: eCELL-FACH
New states (in red color) brings more types of state transition as follow:

Between CELL-DCH and ECELL-FACH

Between CELL-DCH(CPC) and CELL-FACH
Between CELL-DCH(CPC) and ECELL-FACH

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UE state transition in HSPA+

The new state transition uses 4A/4B event report and transition

timer parameters, these parameters are consistent with the

original state transition parameters, or some new 4A/4B/timers
parameters are added for the specific state transition
The MML commands are:

SET UESTATETRANS
SET UESTATETRANSTIMER

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MML commands and parameters

SET CORRMALGOSWITCH

CfgSwitch to configure
CFG_HSPA_DTX_DRX_SWITCH ,
CFG_HSPA_HSSCCH_LESS_OP_SWITCH
ADD CELLALGOSWITCH

HspaPlusSwitch to enable DTX_DRX,

HS_SCCH_LESS_OPERATION, L2ENHANCED

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Chapter 1 RAN11 L2 enhancement

Chapter 2 RAN11 CELL-FACH enhancement
Chapter 3 RAN11 CPC feature
Chapter 4 RAN11 other features of HSPA+

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Enhanced F-DPCH
In RAN10,

F-DPCH only support 1 time slot format, and only 1 TPC could be
carried in one time slot
(Tx OFF)
NOFF1 bits

(Tx OFF)
NOFF2 bits

TPC
NTPC bits

Tslot = 2560 chips

Slot #0 Slot #1

Slot #i

Slot #14

1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Slot
Format #i

Channel Bit
Rate (kbps)

Channel Symbol
Rate (ksps)

SF

1.5

256

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Bits/ Slot

F-DPCH (Bits/Slot)
NTPC

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Enhanced F-DPCH
RAN11 support 10 time slot formats, R7 introduces more formats to

support more flexible configurations to enhance the code efficiency.

ADD CELLALGOSWITCH: cellid=1, HspaEnhSwitch=E_F_DPCH_ON
Slot
Format #i

Channel
Bit Rate
(kbps)

Channel
Symbol
Rate
(ksps)

SF

1.5

256

1.5

NOFF1

NTPC

NOFF2

Bits/Slot

Bits/Slot

Bits/Slot

20

16

256

20

14

1.5

256

20

12

1.5

256

20

10

1.5

256

20

10

1.5

256

20

12

1.5

256

20

14

1.5

256

20

16

1.5

256

20

18

1.5

256

20

18

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Bits/ Slot

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64QAM
64QAM allows 6 bits of information to communicate in one modulation

symbol interval, in case of high signal to noise ratio environment, data

rate could be 1.5 times of 16QAM
In R7, the data rate of HSDPA could be in theory: TB_Size/TTI

=43128/2ms 21.564Mbps

Signal constellation for QPSK/16QAM/64QAM

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MIMO technology
Transmitter: N parallel streams of data is transmitted by the same frequency,

spreading code at the same time, if the channel response of the transmit antennas are
independent, the streams could be decoded at the receiver
Receiver: each receiving antenna receives all the signal, and differentiates the N

parallel channels and decodes and combines the data

by pre coding, parallel independent channel (orthogonal) could be created and

parallel streams of data could be transmitted, the channel capacity is increase

data1
data2

data1 data2 data3

data1 data2 data3

data1 data2 data3

data1 data2 data3

data1 data2 data3

data3

High speed

Data recovered

data1 data2 data3

Multiple transmitionMultiple reception

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MIMO technology
In RAN11, MIMO is supported
Peak data rate could be:

22 MIMO: 14.4Mbps 2 28.8Mbps

By link simulation, the performance is not much improved for the UE

which is at the border of the coverage, while the UE near the site could
gain a better performance then 16QAM

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MIMO technology
Peak data rate could be:

22 MIMO: 14.4Mbps 2 28.8Mbps

By link simulation, the performance is not much improved for the UE

which is at the border of the coverage, while the UE near the site could
gain a better performance then 16QAM

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MML Commands and Parameters

ADD CELLALGOSWITCH

HspaPlusSwitch to enable MIMO, 64QAM, L2ENHANCED

ACT CELLMIMO
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH

CfgSwitch to configure CFG_HSDPA_64QAM_SWITCH,

CFG_HSDPA_MIMO_SWITCH
SET FRC

HSPAPLUSSELECTION to select MIMO/64QAM

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Specifications improved
RAN10

RAN11

Max HSPA user

number per cell

64 (64 HSDPA,60
HSUPA)

96 HSDPA, 96
HSUPA

Downlink Peak data

rate of UE

14.4Mbps

21Mbps 64QAM

28Mbps MIMO

Baseband board
capability for H
users (E-board)

144 HSDPA+72
HSUPA

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144 HSDPA+72
HSUPA

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Thank You
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