BUILDING TYPES AND ITS COMPONENTS

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION
ACCORDING TO USE CLASSIFICATION
OF BUILDING
ITS COMPONENTS AND FUNCTION

BUILDING
National code of India ( sp:7-1970) define the

building as any structure or whatever purpose and

whatever materials constructed and every part
thereof whether purpose materials constructed and
every part of thereof whether used as human
habitation or not including foundations, plinth ,
walls, floors, roofs, etc, parts of building services,

BUILDING TYPES
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
ASSEMBLY BUILDING
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING
BUSINESS BUILDING
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING
STORAGE BUILDING
HAZARDOUS BUILDING

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Residential
Building

House

Family
private
Dwelling

Dormitories

Apartment

Hotels

House
House:- Theses are
those
buildings
in
which
sleeping
accommodation
is
provided for normal
residential
purposes,
with or without cooking
or dining or both
facilities .

Family Private Dwellings

Family

Private
Dwellings:These
include
any
private
dwelling
which
is
occupied by members of
single family and has a
total
sleeping
accommodation for not
more than 20 person.

Dormitories
Dormitories:-

These
include any building in
which group sleeping
accommodation
is
provided,
with
or
without dining facilities,
for persons who are not
members of the same
family

Apartment
Apartment:-

These
include any building or
structure in which living
quarters are provided
for three or more
families
living
independently of each
other.

Hotels
Hotels:- these include

any building or group of

buildings under single
management in which
sleeping
accommodation,
with
without dining facilities
is provided for hire to
more than 15 person
who
are
primarily
transient.

Educational Building
These include any building

used for school, college, or

day- care purposes for
more than 8 hours per
week involving assembly
for instruction, education
or recreation.

Institutional Building
These include any building or part there of , which is

used for purposes of such a medical or other

treatment or care of persons suffering from physical
or medical illness, disease.

Assembly Building
These include any building or part there of , where

group of people congregate or gather for

amusement, recreation, social, religious, patriotic,
civil, ravel and similar purpose .

Business Building
These include any building or part there of , which is

used for the transaction of business, for keeping of

account and record and similar purpose.

Mercantile Building
These include any building or part there of , which is

used as shops, stores, markets for display and sale

for merchandise, either whole sale or retail.

Industrial Building
These include any building or part there of , which

products or materials of all kinds and properties are

fabricated , assembled or processed.

Storage Building
These include any building or part there of , used

primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods,

wares etc.

Hazardous Building
These include any building or part there of a

building which is used for the storage, handling,

manufacture or processing of highly combustible or
explosive material.

BUILDING COMPONENT
1. SUB STRUCTURE :
. BELOW PLINTH LEVEL
. DIRECT CONTECT WITH GROUND
. TANSMIT THE LOAD OF SUPERSTRUCTURE TO GROUND.

2. SUPER STRUCTURE :
. ABOVE PLINTH LEVEL
. CONSIST OF WALLS, FLOOR, DOORS, WINDOWS, &
OTHER OPENING VERTICAL TRASPORTATION
STRUCTURES LIKE
STAIRS, LIFTS, PERAPET ETC. ARE THE PART OF IT.

BUILDING COPONENTS &

FUNCTIONS

FOUNDATION
PLINTH
WALLS
FLOORS
DOORS & WINDOWS
ROOFS
STAIRS
SANITARY SERVICES
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
LINTELS & ARCHES
PARAPET WALLS
PLASTERING & POINTING
PAINTING
ROOF SLAB
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
UTILITY SERVICES

FOUNDATION
.FOUNDATION IS THE BASE
PART OF THE BUILDING,IT
TRANSFER THE LOAD OF
SUPER STRUCTURE TO
THE SOIL.

.MAINLY IT HAS TWO TYPE :

1. SHALLOW
2. DEEP

PLINTH
.Lowest part of super structure.
.It is distance between ground
level and floor level.

.Plinth level is kept about

the ground level is 30-75CM
depending upon the
locality of building.

.DPC is provided at the

plinth level to prevent
moisture from rising to
the walls of the building

WALLS

IT IS MASONARY STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTED

ABOVE THE PLINTH.
IT HAS TWO TYPE :
1. LOAD BEARING
2. PARTITION WALL

FLOORS

FLOOR PROVIDE THE PLAIN SURFACE

WHICH SUPPORTS WOODS AND
EQUIPMENT
IT DIVIDE NUMBER OF FLOORS AS PER
REQUIRMENT

DOORS & WINDOWS

DOORS SERVE AS THE ENTRY OF THE

BUILDING WHILE WINDOWS SERVE
FOR ENTRY OF LIGHT AND AIR IN
BUILDING.

ROOFS

ROOFS PROVIDE COVER THE

BUILDING AND PROECT AGAINST THE
RAIN WATER WETHER RESISTANCE
WATER PROOF SOUND PROOF AND
FIRE PROOF.

STAIRS

STAIRS ARE THE STEPS LANDING FROM ONE

FLOOR TO ANOTHER FLOOR AND CONTINOUS
SERIES OF STEPS IS CALLED FLIGHT.

SANITARY , ELECTRICAL , UTILITY

SERVICES

LINTELS & ARCHES

ITS OVER DOORS AND WINDOWS IN

WALLS FACILITY AT SAFE TRANSFER OF
LOADS TO ITS SUPPORTS.

PARAPET WALLS

ITS ON THE ROOFS SLABS ARE

PROVIDE FOR SECURITY AND SAFTY.

PLASTERING

IT PROVIDE CLEAN AND ASTHETIC VIEW AROUND

THE BUILDING APRT FROM INCREASING
STRENGTH OF MASHNORY WALLS

PAINTING

IT PROTECT FROM MOISTURE AND

AIR PENETRATION TO INHANCE THE
LIFE OF BUILDING.

ROOF SLAB

ITS PROTECT FROM WEATHERING.

TWO TYPES : 1. ONE WAY SLAB
2. TWO WAY SLAB

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

IT PROVIDE INLET AND OUTLET OF

WATER.

K
N
A
TH

U
O
Y

IT IS VERY EASY TO DEFEAT SOME,BUT

IT IS VERY HARD TO WIN SOMEONE.
- ABDUL KALAM