Académique Documents
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OUTLINE
Background
Methods
Results
Future work
Questions
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SPECIES
Changes in environment can effect species fitness and trigger
additional responses in community composition, functioning,
and overall biodiversity.
Changes in temperature can affect metabolism, reproduction,
and survival.
Primary productivity and sinking organic-carbon flux, and
dissolved oxygen can negatively influence metabolism, body
size, reproduction
pH can influence rates of calcification and several other
physiological processes.
SOCIOECONOMICS
Food
Revenue
Jobs
Tourism
Coastal protection
METHODS
Study was apart of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 to the
Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change.
31 Earth System Models from 18 centers in nine countries were included.
Over 27,000 years of data from the different models and variables were
processed.
Earth System Models precision and accuracy were tested; accuracy was
defined as the proximity of the model projections to actual data and
precision as the standard deviation among the projections of all models
Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP45) and 8.5 (RCP85)
Projected change to 2100 under the RCP45 (blue lines), RCP85 (red lines)
FUTURE OCEAN
BIOGEOCHEMIS
TRY CHANGE
ON MARINE
HABITATS AND
BIODIVERSITY
HOTSPOTS.
SUMMARY
The constant use of fossil fuels in our everyday lives from production of
energy to transportation has led to an increase in greenhouse gas
emission.
These emissions have been shown to drastically effect the global ocean
biogeochemistry. The shift in ocean temperature, pH, and O 2 concentration
leading to the change in species environmental conditions.
These changes can have negative effect on species that live in these
environments and also on the socioeconomic conditions of the
communities that rely on the ocean.
From a socioeconomically perspective approximately 470 480 million
people rely on ocean biogeochemistry and will be adversely effected by
theses changes in the ecosystem.
SHORT COMINGS
Theoretical understanding of the climate system is still
incomplete and many unresolved differences exist among
models.
There was low predictability from the limited availability of
actual observations.
Complex deep-water processes were poorly modeled by Earth
System Models.
Data is unavailable for a sufficient number of species to
predict biological responses of an entire ecosystem to the
exposure of biogeochemical change in the ocean.
FUTURE WORK
Continue to track biogeochemistry parameters
Construct a highly sufficient projection model
Collect more data on land and ocean habitats to
strengthen simulation models.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cain, M. L., Bowman, W. D., & Hacker, S. D. (n.d.). Ecology.
Donner, S. D. (2009). Coping with Commitment: Projected Thermal Stress on Coral Reefs under Different Future
Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 369(1943), 1980-1996.
doi:10.1098/rsta.2011.0003
Mora, C., Wei, C., Rollo, A., Amaro, T., Baco, A. R., Billett, D., . . . Yasuhara, M. (2013). Biotic and Human Vulnerability to
Projected Changes in Ocean Biogeochemistry over the 21st Century. PLoS Biology PLoS Biol, 11(10).
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001682
Ramajo, L., Prez-Len, E., Hendriks, I. E., Marb, N., Krause-Jensen, D., Sejr, M. K., . . . Duarte, C. M. (2016). Food
supply confers calcifiers resistance to ocean acidification. Sci. Rep. Scientific Reports, 6, 19374.
doi:10.1038/srep19374