S

P
A
V

K
K

H
K

I
U

T
M

J
R

R
A

O
I
P

J
N
A

C
N

T
0
D

B
3

1
E

Y
9
0

6
3

4
3

0
9

2
6

8
4

1
0

3
2

ABOUT ORGANISATION
Indian railway is more than 150 year old.
It is largest railway system in world under
one management.
It is a biggest civilian employer in the world.
No strike in the last 30 years inspite of 17
lakh workers.
It runs 12000 trains every day.
It is a fuel effi cient system .

STRENGTH
The biggest organization in the
world under one management.
Affordable to common man.
Connects different cities and
states.
Co-operative Employees.

WEAKNESS
Lack of safety.
Poor infrastructure.
Overcrowded.
Delayed trains.
Unhygienic food.

O P P U R T U N I T Y
P

D E V E L O
R O F I T

P M E N
T H R O

T
U

I
G

N
H

S
P

M
R

A L L
V A T

C I T I E S .
Z A T I O N

T H R E A T S
I

M P

T
C

L O W
C O S T
A I R L I N E S
.
O F
O T H E R
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E S
U L D
B E
T A K E N
O V E R
B Y
A I R L

L I K E
I N E S .

A Y S

RAIL NET
Railnet is the name of the
Corporate Wide Information
System (CWIS) of Indian Railways.
Aimed to provide computer
connectivity between Railway
Board, Zonal Railways, Production
, RDSO, Centralized Training
Institutes, CORE, MTP/Delhi etc.

HUB
Hub function at the Physical layer
(Layer 1)
It is not an intelligent Device
It works with 0s and 1s (Bits)
It works with broadcast
Bandwidth is shared

TELECOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
Telecommunication equipment are those which take
parts into the link establishment of two diff erent
location indulging in two diff erent exchange.
The two main parts of which are:
CEM ( Control Equipment module)
PEM (peripheral equipment module)
CEM and PEM coordinates with one another to make a
proper communication link between to distinct
exchange with the involvement of some other
processes and units via, multiplexing and cards of
communication.

Control
The organization set up to supervise and
regulate the running of trains and the
movement of traffic, in the best possible
manner with the resources available is
called CONTROL.

Elements of a Control
Circuit
The
basic elements of a control circuit are
1) Control Office,
2) Way Stations, and
3) Communication between control office &
way station

1)Control Offices
The control offices may be described as the nerve centers of
the Divisional Operating organization.
A control office exists at each of the Divisional Headquarters
stations. Stations
2)Way
The length of the control section is determined purely on
traffic considerations, so that from the transmission point
of view the best conditions are not always obtained.

3)Communication Between Control

Office & Way Stations
Communication plays an important role in control
working. The efficiency of any control circuit mainly
depends upon the performance of the
communication equipment connected and
communication media used.

DTMF
DTMF is a system of signaling originally evolved for
the transmission of dialing information to automatic
telephone exchanges from subscriber's telephones.
In this system two tones of frequency within the
voice band are sent out on line corresponding to a
given digit. Among these two frequencies one is a
low (row) frequency and the other a high(column)
frequency both within the VF band.
The transmission of the tones is so fast (typically in
millisecond) that the signaling does not interfere
with the speech at all.

4X4 DTMF SYSTEM

General Working Principle of

DTMF
For DTMF
tones generation the control office
equipment contains a Microprocessor or a Microcontroller.
This Microprocessor keeps scanning the keyboard
lines to check for any valid keyboard entry. As soon
as a valid key closure is detected, the processor
stores the information and display the digit pressed.
The processor waits for second key closure .
If a second valid key is pressed within the specified
period, the processor updates the display and
activates the tone generator to transmit DTMF tones
for the keys pressed, in the order of key-press
sequence.
These tones are connected to the line through a
combiner amplifier, where they combine with speech
signals coming from the microphone/hand set.

Advantages of DTMF selective

calling system
The DTMF Selective calling system is adopted for Rly.
Control communication
because of the following specific advantages:
(a) For Selective calling on O/H lines system (2W) or
U/G cables (4W) system, the DTMF signaling is
adaptable. (Direct interface to line).
(b) A maximum of 99 Way Stations can be connected
as against the 78 stations of in 17-impulse system.
(c) No moving parts, as the equipment is entirely
solid state.

SCADA
System that operates with coded signals over
communication channels so as to provide control of
remote equipment (using typically one
communication channel per remote station).
Monitor and control industrial processes that exist in
the physical world.
These processes include industrial, infrastructure,
and facility-based processes.

LIVE TRAIN MOVEMENTS ON SCADA

TICKETING SYSTEM IN
RAILWAYS
PRS:- PUBLIC RESERVED SYSTEM
W O R K S BO T H O N O P T I C A L F I B R E A N D M I C R O WAV E C O M M U N I C AT I O N
AT RAT E O F 4 . 8 O R 9 .6 K B P S S P E E D
U S E D T O G E N E RAT E R E S E RV E D T I C K E T S O N LY
C A N T W O R K I F S E RV E R I S D O W N

THE PRS APPL ICATION CONCERT (COUNTRY-WID E NET W ORK OF

COMPU TER IZED ENHANCED R ESERVAT ION AND T ICKETING) IS
THE WORL D S L ARGEST ONLINE RESERVAT ION APPLICAT ION,
DEVELOPED AND MAINTAINED BY CRIS.

UT S :- UN R ESERV ED T I C KET I NG SY ST E M
S Y S T E M
2 4 * 7

C AN

O N LY

W O R K

ON

S P E E D

O F

64 K BP S

U S E D

T O

GE NE RAT E

LO C AL

TI C KE T S

S E RV IC E

I T I S A C O M P U T E R I Z E D S Y S T E M U S E D T O I S S U E T H E T I C K E T S F O R T H E U N R E S E R V E D C O M P A R T M E N T S O F T R A I N . T H I S FA C I L I T Y I S P R E D O M I N A N T LY
U S E D B Y C O M M U T E R S A N D S U B U R B A N T R A V E L L E R S O V E R S H O R T D I S T A N C E S W H E R E A S S U R E D S E A T I N G I S N O T A N E C E S S I T Y. I T I S A L S O A V A I L A B L E
LO W E R I N C O M E G R O U P S T RAVE L LI N G LO N G E R D I S TAN C E S A ND C O N N EC T S T HE R U RA L H IN T E R L AN D T O D I S T R I C T S , T O W N S AN D C I T IE S

T O

BLOCK DIAGRAM :-

CONCLUSION
T H E Y A R E I M P O RTA N T A S P E C T S O F RA I LWAY S W H I C H W E H AV E
P R E S E N T E D B E F O R E YO U T O D AY ( C O N T R O L , T I C K E T I N G
S Y S T E M , RA I L N E T ) W H I C H D E A L S W I T H D E TA I L S T U DY O F
RA I LWAY S W H I C H I N T U R N H E L P U S T O D E V E LO P A P RA C T I C A L
V I E W O F T H E S U B J E C T W H I C H W E H AV E L E A R N T I N O U R
ENGINEERING PERIOD

THANK YOU
END OF
PRESENTATION