Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
A summary
Structure. . . . .
Unicellular: Yeast
Multi-cellular: Hyphae clump together - Mycelium
Nutrition. . . . .
Saprophytic fungi enzymes to break down matter
Reproduction. . . . .
Spore formation: Bread mould
Budding: Yeast
Importance. . . . .
Beneficial Environment, Medicinal / Health & Food
Harmful Causes diseases in plants & Humans
We are prokaryotes
as we do not have a
well defined nucleus
DIVERSITY OF MICROORGANISMS
MONERA & FUNGI
BACTERIA . . . . . Structure
CAPSULE (/SLIME)
Protects the cell
CYTOPLASM
FIMBRIA Helps
the cell to adhere
to surfaces
CELL MEMBRANE
NUCLEAR
MATERIAL
CELL WALL
FLAGELLUM Provides
motility to the cell
BACTERIA . . . . . Structure
Bacteria exist in four basic shapes . . . . .
Circular referred to as cocci
Rod- referred to as bacilli
Helical referred to as spirilla or spirochetes
Curved referred to as vibrios
Bacteria also gather in groups . . . . .
In chains : prefix Strepto- is used to describe them
In clusters : prefix Staphylo- is used to describe them
As a pair : prefix Diplo- is used to describe them
BACTERIA . . . . . Structure
Identify the shape & / arrangement of the following bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shape:
Rod
Arrangement:
Pair
Neisseria
meningitidis
Shape:
Circular
Arrangement:
Pair
BACTERIA . . . . . Structure
Identify the shape & / arrangement of the following bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shape:
Curved
Arrangement:
Not applicable
Vibrio cholerae
Borrelia
burgdorferi
Shape:
Helical (Spirochete)
Arrangement:
Not applicable
BACTERIA . . . . . Structure
Identify the shape & / arrangement of the following bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shape:
Circular
Arrangement:
In Chains
Streptococcus
pyogenes
Staphylococcus
aureus
Shape:
Circular
Arrangement:
In Clusters
BACTERIA . . . . . Nutrition
Bacteria are able to . . . . .
Derive nutrients from other organisms (heterotrophic)
Produce food in the presence of light (photosynthetic)
Photosynthetic . . . . .
Blue-green bacteria
Purple-sulfur bacteria
BACTERIA . . . . . Reproduction
Bacteria are able to reproduce . . . . .
Sexually through a process called CONJUGATION
Asexually through a process called BINARY FISSION
In CONJUGATION . . . . .
(animation)
PILUS
BACTERIA . . . . . Reproduction
Bacteria are able to reproduce . . . . .
Sexually through a process called CONJUGATION
Asexually through a process called BINARY FISSION
In BINARY FISSION . . . .
(animation)
BACTERIA . . . . . Locomotion
Bacteria compared with Sperm and Paramecium.
Click for animation on
Bacterial Motility and
Flagella distribution
Monotrichous
Amphitrichous
Peritrichous
Lophotrichous
Escherichia coli
Paramecium
BACTERIA . . . . . Locomotion
Flagella (flagellum-singular) are long, hair-like
appendages that function like propellers. They allow
bacteria to swim and move. Unlike the flagella found on
human sperm, bacterial flagella rotate 360 degrees
If the flagellum
rotates counterclockwise, the
cell swims in a
smooth line
called a "run."
During "tumbles"
the flagellum
"reverses"
direction and the
cell stops and
changes its
course.
BACTERIA . . . . . Importance
Environment In
Bioremediation
Health In the
gut, produces
Vitamin K
BACTERIA . . . . . Importance
Spirochaete, or
"corkscrew-shaped"
bacteria known as Borrelia
burgdorferi, which is the
pathogen that causes
Lyme disease. These
bacteria are transmitted to
humans by the bite of an
infected deer tick.
Lyme Disease
Borrelia
burgdorferi
Meningitis
Neisseria
meningitidis
BACTERIA . . . . . A summary
Structure. . . . .
Cell wall (peptidoglycan), Flagellum, Fimbria
Different shapes and arrangement
Nutrition . . . . .
Derive nutrients from other organisms (heterotrophic)
Produce food in the presence of light (photosynthetic)
Reproduction. . . . .
Sexual Conjugation with help of pilus
Asexual Binary Fission
Importance. . . . .
Positive impact Environment, Health, & Food &
Beverages production
Negative impact Causes diseases in Human
FUNGI . . . . . Introduction
Complex organisms; Eukaryotes
Microscopic Yeast, Moulds
Macroscopic Mushrooms, Gill fungi
Well distributed moist conditions.
E.g. Mildew Fungi in the bathroom & shower curtains
YEAST
BREAD MOULD
FUNGI . . . . . Introduction
Complex organisms; Eukaryotes
Microscopic Yeast, Moulds
Macroscopic Mushrooms, Gill fungi
Well distributed moist conditions.
E.g. Mildew Fungi in the bathroom & shower curtains
MUSHROOM
GILL FUNGI
FUNGI . . . . . Structure
Cell wall is
made up of
cellulose /
chitin
Presence of
nucleus and
membrane
bound
organelles like
mitochondria
and vacuoles.
HYPHA
FUNGI . . . . . Reproduction
Fungi are able to reproduce asexually through. . . . .
SPORE FORMATION as in Bread Mould
BUDDING as in Yeast
BUDDING (animation)
FUNGI . . . . . Importance
State the importance of Fungi based on the following illustrations . . . . .
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
FUNGI . . . . . Importance
State the importance of Fungi based on the following illustrations . . . . .
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
FUNGI . . . . . Importance
State the importance of Fungi based on the following illustrations . . . . .
Disease causing Phytophthora infestans. . . .
FUNGI . . . . . Importance
State the importance of Fungi based on the following illustrations . . . . .
Penicillium notatum
FUNGI . . . . . Importance
State the importance of Fungi based on the following illustrations . . . . .
Fungal hyphae on rotting wood.
FUNGI . . . . . Importance
State the importance of Fungi based on the following illustrations . . . . .
Disease causing fungi causes
athletes foot in Humans
Trichophyton rubrum
Animations
http://www.ryancshaw.com/Files/micro/Animation
s/BacterialConjugation/PLAY_conjugation.html
http://www.classzone.com/books/hs/ca/sc/bio_0
7/animated_biology/bio_ch05_0149_ab_fission.
html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=iOvrq6ssy2Y&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=9CRNmde0WUc&feature=related