US History Honors

Chapter 2: Englands American Colonies

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Colonies Take Route
England Establishes Colonies in North

America:
English patrons promised that an American

colony would solve some of Englands problems

Growing population
Increased poverty

Promised it would generate new wealth for

England

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Charter- certificate of permission from the king
Roanoke:
Joint stock company- business venture founded

and run by investors

Share the company's profits and losses

Sir Walter Raleigh tried to colonize Roanoke twice

Sandy infertile soil
Ships struggled to land supplies
1st colonists returned home in despair
2nd colonists disappeared

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The Virginia Company sends more colonists:
The Virginia Company
1607- Chesapeake Bay- North of Roanoke
Fertile land
Good harbors
Navigable water ways
Founded Jamestown
Vulnerable to attacks from Indians

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30 different Indian groups but shared the same

language
Usually a powerful chief
Powhatan
In his 60s and Powhatan impressed the English
colonists
Wanted to trade with the colonists for their

metal weapons
Colonists wanted Indian lands
Even though the Indians were living an using the
lands, Europeans still classified it as wilderness

Chapter 2 Section 1: The Southern

Colonies Take Route
Early Challenges to Jamestown:
Swamps surrounding Jamestown bred
mosquitos that carried disease, specifically
malaria
Between 1607 and 1622, Virginia company
transported 10,000 people to Jamestown

By 1622 only 20% survived

1609- war between the colonists and the

Indians

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1613- English capture Pocahontas
Converted to Christianity and married John
Rolfe
Powhatan reluctantly made peace until his
death in 1618

Passing power to his brother Opechancanough

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Colonies Take Route
Jamestown started out as a money pit
Company began to allow colonists to own and
work their own land as private property
Worked harder to grow corn, squash and beans
1616- learned how to cultivate tobacco
Crop thrived in Virginia
Virginia became the principal supplier of
tobacco in Europe

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1619- Virginia offers land based on the

headright system
Anyone who paid for passage to Virginia or who

paid for another persons passage receive 50

acres of land
Allowed wealthy to acquire plantations

Landowners imported workers from England

Chapter 2 Section 1: The Southern

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Virginia company allowed the formation of the

House of Burgesses in 1619

The 1st representative body in colonial America
Male landowners could elect 2 leaders

(Burggesses) to represent their settlement in

colonial government

Make laws and raise taxes

16240 Crown took over Virginia

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2 types of colonial governments:
Royal colonies: owned by the crown
Proprietary colonies: belonged to individuals or
companies

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Expansion in Virginia creates conflict:
As colonists expanded plantations, they took
Indian lands
In 1622, Openchanacanough led a surprise
attack and burned plantations, killing nearly 1/3
of the colonists

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The Alogonquin Indians fight back:
Counter attacks destroyed Indian villages and
crops- reducing them to starvation
Opechancanough made peace in 1632
1644 fighting broke back out killing hundreds of
colonists and thousands of Indians, including
Openchancanough
Reduced (w/ disease), the Virginian Algoquins went
from 24,000 in 1607 to only 2,000 by 1670
Number of settlers reached 41,000 in 1670

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Bacons rebellion:
New settlers were having to move to the
interior
Less fertile lands
More transportation costs
Greater danger of Indians

Royal Gov. of Virg.- William Berkley- levied

heavy taxes on planters

Passed the money to the wealthy house of

Burgesses

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Bacons rebellion cont:
1675- war broke out between Indians and the settlers in
the Potomac valley
Berkeley didnt want the settlers to wipe out the Indians
Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion
Slaughtered Indians
Berkeley protested
Bacon marked his armed followers to Jamestown in revolt

September 1676- drove out the governor and burned

down the town

October- Bacon died (disease) and the rebellion
collapsed

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Berkley regained power back but wasnt the

same, so 1677, the King appointed a new

governor
Importance: showed poor farmers would not
tolerate a government that catered only to the
wealthiest colonists
Leaders reduced the taxes paid by the farmers
and improved their access to frontier land
Provoked further wars with the American Indians

of the interior

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England Expands its Southern Colonies:
1632- King established a 2nd Southern colonyMaryland
Lord Baltimore: Owned and governed it as a
proprietary colony
Colonial refuge for fellow Catholics
More protestants than Catholics ended up in
Maryland

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1670- Carolinas are established
Charles Town- 1st establishment
The Lord Proprietor, who remained in England,
entrusted the colonies leadership to ambitious
men from the West Indies
1691- Northern half became a distinct colony of
North Caroline
1729- North and South Carolina rejected the
control of the lord proprietor
King appointed the governor after that who had
to cooperate with the legislator

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1732- Georgia began as a proprietary colony
To protect South Caroline from Florida (Spanish)
James Oglethorpe
Set up Georgia as a haven for English debtors
Most of their 1st settlers were poor traders and
artisans/refugees from Switzerland and Germany
Couldnt drink or own slaves
Had to work their own lands
colonist protests

1752- Georgia became a royal colony