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  • Discerning Between Giant Kelp and Bull Kelp in AVIRIS Imagery

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    jpeterson1
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    Tanner Thompson, Brigham Young University - Abstract: Kelp forests are important staple of sub-tidal coastal ecosystems in the subtropical and temperate zones. Two species of kelp form the backbone of the northeastern Pacific coast's kelp forests: bull kelp (Nereocystis Luetkeana) and giant kelp (Macrocystis Pyrifera). In recent years, these species have been declining at an alarming rate due to warmer water temperatures and the rising abundance of purple urchins, which feed on kelp holdfasts. Additionally, in situ measurements have indicated that this rapid decline is especially severe for bull. However, because of assumptions about the spectral similarity of these two kinds of kelp, oceanographers do not have a good idea of their relative prevalence on a large scale. In this study, data from 2013 AVIRIS runs are used to investigate the spectral separability of bull kelp and giant kelp. Two machine-learning-based methods of distinguishing are presented, one involving spectral angle comparison and the other using linear unmixing techniques. Reference endmembers are selected from kelp beds near Manchester and Fort Ross in northern California and Santa Barbara in southern California. These are then verified using survey data from Reef Check. The two methods are then tested on pixels taken from kelp beds in the vicinity of Monterey and Carmel, CA. The results show some spectral separability of the two kinds of kelp, as well as potential for application in large-scale surveying operations.

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    Discerning between Giant Kelp and Bull Kelp in AVIRIS Imagery

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    Tanner Thompson, Brigham Young University - Abstract: Kelp forests are important staple of sub-tidal coastal ecosystems in the subtropical and temperate zones. Two species of kelp form the backbone of the northeastern Pacific coast's kelp forests: bull kelp (Nereocystis Luetkeana) and giant kelp (Macrocystis Pyrifera). In recent years, these species have been declining at an alarming rate due to warmer water temperatures and the rising abundance of purple urchins, which feed on kelp holdfasts. Additionally, in situ measurements have indicated that this rapid decline is especially severe for bull. However, because of assumptions about the spectral similarity of these two kinds of kelp, oceanographers do not have a good idea of their relative prevalence on a large scale. In this study, data from 2013 AVIRIS runs are used to investigate the spectral separability of bull kelp and giant kelp. Two machine-learning-based methods of distinguishing are presented, one involving spectral angle comparison and the other using linear unmixing techniques. Reference endmembers are selected from kelp beds near Manchester and Fort Ross in northern California and Santa Barbara in southern California. These are then verified using survey data from Reef Check. The two methods are then tested on pixels taken from kelp beds in the vicinity of Monterey and Carmel, CA. The results show some spectral separability of the two kinds of kelp, as well as potential for application in large-scale surveying operations.

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    271 vues27 pages

    Discerning Between Giant Kelp and Bull Kelp in AVIRIS Imagery

    Transféré par

    jpeterson1
    Tanner Thompson, Brigham Young University - Abstract: Kelp forests are important staple of sub-tidal coastal ecosystems in the subtropical and temperate zones. Two species of kelp form the backbone of the northeastern Pacific coast's kelp forests: bull kelp (Nereocystis Luetkeana) and giant kelp (Macrocystis Pyrifera). In recent years, these species have been declining at an alarming rate due to warmer water temperatures and the rising abundance of purple urchins, which feed on kelp holdfasts. Additionally, in situ measurements have indicated that this rapid decline is especially severe for bull. However, because of assumptions about the spectral similarity of these two kinds of kelp, oceanographers do not have a good idea of their relative prevalence on a large scale. In this study, data from 2013 AVIRIS runs are used to investigate the spectral separability of bull kelp and giant kelp. Two machine-learning-based methods of distinguishing are presented, one involving spectral angle comparison and the other using linear unmixing techniques. Reference endmembers are selected from kelp beds near Manchester and Fort Ross in northern California and Santa Barbara in southern California. These are then verified using survey data from Reef Check. The two methods are then tested on pixels taken from kelp beds in the vicinity of Monterey and Carmel, CA. The results show some spectral separability of the two kinds of kelp, as well as potential for application in large-scale surveying operations.

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    Discerning between Giant

    Kelp and Bull Kelp in


    AVIRIS Imagery
    Tanner Thompson1, Jesse
    Bausell2, Raphe Kudela2

    1: Department of Mathematics, Brigham Young University


    2: Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California,
    Santa Cruz

    Kelp forests

    Kelp forests

    Purple urchins descending on a kelp


    holdfast

    Motivation

    A red abalone on a dead kelp


    stalk

    Macrocystis Pyrifera
    Giant Kelp

    Nereocystis Luetkeana
    Bull Kelp

    Nereocystis Luetkeana
    Bull Kelp

    My goal:

    Develop an algorithm that will


    differentiate between giant kelp and
    bull kelp

    The Solution

    Vectorization

    Machine Learning

    Machine Learning

    Subspace Projection method

    Subspace Projection method

    Subspace Projection method

    Subspace Projection method

    Subspace Projection method

    Subspace Projection method

    Subspace Projection method

    Output

    Subspace Projection
    method

    Spectral Angle
    method

    Results
    Developed a method of unmixing
    pixels using linear algebra projection
    techniques
    Submerged giant kelp looks a lot like
    bull kelp
    Giant kelp can be reliably positively
    identified with human assistance

    Thanks!

    Jesse Bausell
    Raphe Kudela
    Emily Schaller
    Tyler Jarvis
    Emily Evans
    Tom Bell

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