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TETANUS
Tetanus is an acute,often fatal,disease
swallowing
Newborn
showing risus
sardonicus and
generalized
spasticity
Diagnosis Of Tetanus
Clinically it is confirmed by
noticing the following features:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Type of Tetanus
Traumatic tetanus
Puerperal tetanus
Otogenic tetanus
Idiopathic tetanus
Tetanus Neonatorum
Three Objectives of
Management of Tetanus
1. To provide supportive care until the
The rating scale for the severity and the prognosis of tetanus is described below.
Score 1 point for each of the following:
Incubation period less than 7 days
Period of onset less than 48 hours
Acquired from burns, surgical wounds, compound fractures, or septic
abortion
Narcotic addiction
Generalized tetanus
Temperature greater than 104F (40C)
Tachycardia greater than 120 beats per minute (>150 beats per min in
neonates)
Total score indicates the severity and the prognosis as follows:
Score of 0-1 indicates mild severity with less than a 10% mortality
rate.
Score of 2-3 indicates moderate severity with a 10-20% mortality rate.
Score of 4 indicates severe tetanus with a 20-40% mortality rate.
Score of 5-6 indicates very severe tetanus with greater than a 50%
mortality rate. (http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic3038.htm)
Phillips, Dakar,. Udwadia Score
PREVENTION
Fumigation
Sterilization of operation theatre
500 ml of formaline, 200gms of
Active Immunization
Passive Immunization
Active and passive
Immunization
Antibiotics
TETANUS TOXOID
Tetanus toxoid was developed by Descombey in
1924,
Tetanus toxoid immunizations were used
extensively in the armed services during World War
II.
Tetanus toxoid consists of a formaldehyde-treated
toxin.
There are two types of toxoid available adsorbed
(aluminum salt precipitated)toxoid and fluid toxoid.
Although the rates of seroconversion are about
equal,the adsorbed toxoid is preferred because the
antitoxin response reaches higher titers and is
longer lasting than that following the fluid toxoid.
Active Immunization
1st dose
2nd dose
3rd dose
1st booster
2nd booster
3rd booster
6th week
10th week
14th week
18th month
6th year
10th year
Passive Immunization
1. ATS(equine) Ig- 1500
TREATMENT
Antitoxin (tetanus immune globulin) should be
REFERENCE
http://www.medindia.net/health_statistics/diseases/
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